A002262 -id:A002262 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002260 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = k for n >= 1, k = 1..n.

1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

Offset: 1

Angele Hamel (amh(AT)maths.soton.ac.uk)

Old name: integers 1 to k followed by integers 1 to k+1 etc. (a fractal sequence).
Start counting again and again.
This is a "doubly fractal sequence" - see the Franklin T. Adams-Watters link.
The PARI functions t1, t2 can be used to read a square array T(n,k) (n >= 1, k >= 1) by antidiagonals downwards: n -> T(t1(n), t2(n)). - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2002
Reading this sequence as the antidiagonals of a rectangular array, row n is (n,n,n,...); this is the weight array (Cf. A144112) of the array A127779 (rectangular). - Clark Kimberling, Sep 16 2008
The upper trim of an arbitrary fractal sequence s is s, but the lower trim of s, although a fractal sequence, need not be s itself. However, the lower trim of A002260 is A002260. (The upper trim of s is what remains after the first occurrence of each term is deleted; the lower trim of s is what remains after all 0's are deleted from the sequence s-1.) - Clark Kimberling, Nov 02 2009
Eigensequence of the triangle = A001710 starting (1, 3, 12, 60, 360, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 02 2010
The triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, link this triangle of natural numbers with twenty-three different sequences, see the crossrefs. The mirror image of this triangle is A004736. - Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 22 2010
A002260 is the self-fission of the polynomial sequence (q(n,x)), where q(n,x) = x^n + x^(n-1) + ... + x + 1. See A193842 for the definition of fission. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 07 2011
Sequence B is called a reluctant sequence of sequence A, if B is triangle array read by rows: row number k coincides with first k elements of the sequence A. Sequence A002260 is reluctant sequence of sequence 1,2,3,... (A000027). - Boris Putievskiy, Dec 12 2012
This is the maximal sequence of positive integers, such that once an integer k has occurred, the number of k's always exceeds the number of (k+1)'s for the remainder of the sequence, with the first occurrence of the integers being in order. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Oct 23 2013
A002260 are the k antidiagonal numerators of rationals in Cantor's proof of 1-to-1 correspondence between rationals and naturals; the denominators are k-numerator+1. - Adriano Caroli, Mar 24 2015
T(n,k) gives the distance to the largest triangular number < n. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Apr 09 2020

			First six rows:
  1
  1   2
  1   2   3
  1   2   3   4
  1   2   3   4   5
  1   2   3   4   5   6

Clark Kimberling, "Fractal sequences and interspersions," Ars Combinatoria 45 (1997) 157-168. (Introduces upper trimming, lower trimming, and signature sequences.)
M. Myers, Smarandache Crescendo Subsequences, R. H. Wilde, An Anthology in Memoriam, Bristol Banner Books, Bristol, 1998, p. 19.
F. Smarandache, Sequences of Numbers Involved in Unsolved Problems, Hexis, Phoenix, 2006.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..11325
Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Doubly Fractal Sequences
Matin Amini and Majid Jahangiri, A Novel Proof for Kimberling's Conjecture on Doubly Fractal Sequences, arXiv:1612.09481 [math.NT], 2017.
Bruno Berselli, Illustration of the initial terms
Jerry Brown et al., Problem 4619, School Science and Mathematics (USA), Vol. 97(4), 1997, pp. 221-222.
Glen Joyce C. Dulatre, Jamilah V. Alarcon, Vhenedict M. Florida, and Daisy Ann A. Disu, On Fractal Sequences, DMMMSU-CAS Science Monitor (2016-2017) Vol. 15 No. 2, 109-113.
Clark Kimberling, Fractal sequences
Clark Kimberling, Numeration systems and fractal sequences, Acta Arithmetica 73 (1995) 103-117.
Boris Putievskiy, Transformations Integer Sequences And Pairing Functions arXiv:1212.2732 [math.CO], 2012.
F. Smarandache, Sequences of Numbers Involved in Unsolved Problems.
Aaron Snook, Augmented Integer Linear Recurrences, 2012. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 19 2012
Michael Somos, Sequences used for indexing triangular or square arrays
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Smarandache Sequences
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Unit Fraction

Cf. A000217, A001710, A002262, A003056, A004736 (ordinal transform), A025581, A056534, A094727, A127779.
Cf. A140756 (alternating signs).
Triangle sums (see the comments): A000217 (Row1, Kn11); A004526 (Row2); A000096 (Kn12); A055998 (Kn13); A055999 (Kn14); A056000 (Kn15); A056115 (Kn16); A056119 (Kn17); A056121 (Kn18); A056126 (Kn19); A051942 (Kn110); A101859 (Kn111); A132754 (Kn112); A132755 (Kn113); A132756 (Kn114); A132757 (Kn115); A132758 (Kn116); A002620 (Kn21); A000290 (Kn3); A001840 (Ca2); A000326 (Ca3); A001972 (Gi2); A000384 (Gi3).
Cf. A108872.

a002260 n k = k
a002260_row n = [1..n]
a002260_tabl = iterate (\row -> map (+ 1) (0 : row)) [1]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 04 2014, Jul 03 2012

at:=0; for n from 1 to 150 do for i from 1 to n do at:=at+1; lprint(at,i); od: od: # N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 01 2006
seq(seq(i,i=1..k),k=1..13); # Peter Luschny, Jul 06 2009

FoldList[{#1, #2} &, 1, Range[2, 13]] // Flatten (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 10 2011 *)
Flatten[Table[Range[n],{n,20}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 20 2013 *)

T(n,k):=sum((i+k)*binomial(i+k-1,i)*binomial(k,n-i-k+1)*(-1)^(n-i-k+1),i,max(0,n+1-2*k),n-k+1); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 18 2013 */

t1(n)=n-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2*n)),2) /* this sequence */

A002260(n)=n-binomial((sqrtint(8*n)+1)\2,2) \\ M. F. Hasler, Mar 10 2014

from math import isqrt, comb
def A002260(n): return n-comb((m:=isqrt(k:=n<<1))+(k>m*(m+1)),2) # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 08 2024

a(n) = 1 + A002262(n).
n-th term is n - m*(m+1)/2 + 1, where m = floor((sqrt(8*n+1) - 1) / 2).
The above formula is for offset 0; for offset 1, use a(n) = n-m*(m+1)/2 where m = floor((-1+sqrt(8*n-7))/2). - Clark Kimberling, Jun 14 2011
a(k * (k + 1) / 2 + i) = i for k >= 0 and 0 < i <= k + 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 14 2001
a(n) = (2*n + round(sqrt(2*n)) - round(sqrt(2*n))^2)/2. - Brian Tenneson, Oct 11 2003
a(n) = n - binomial(floor((1+sqrt(8*n))/2), 2). - Paul Barry, May 25 2004
T(n,k) = A001511(A118413(n,k)); T(n,k) = A003602(A118416(n,k)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
a(A000217(n)) = A000217(n) - A000217(n-1), a(A000217(n-1) + 1) = 1, a(A000217(n) - 1) = A000217(n) - A000217(n-1) - 1. - Alexander R. Povolotsky, May 28 2008
a(A169581(n)) = A038566(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 02 2009
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=1..k} i*binomial(k,i)*binomial(n-k,n-i) (regarded as triangle, see the example). - Mircea Merca, Apr 11 2012
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=max(0,n+1-2*k)..n-k+1} (i+k)*binomial(i+k-1,i)*binomial(k,n-i-k+1)*(-1)^(n-i-k+1). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 18 2013
G.f.: x*y / ((1 - x) * (1 - x*y)^2) = Sum_{n,k>0} T(n,k) * x^n * y^k. - Michael Somos, Sep 17 2014
a(n) = n - S(n) where S(n) = sum of distinct terms in {a(1), a(2), ..., a(n-1)}. - David James Sycamore, Mar 10 2025

More terms from Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
Incorrect program removed by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Mar 19 2010
New name from Omar E. Pol, Jul 15 2012

A003056 n appears n+1 times. Also the array A(n,k) = n+k (n >= 0, k >= 0) read by antidiagonals. Also inverse of triangular numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also triangle read by rows: T(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, in which n appears n+1 times in row n. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 15 2012
The PARI functions t1, t2 can be used to read a triangular array T(n,k) (n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n-1) by rows from left to right: n -> T(t1(n), t2(n)). - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2002
Number of terms in partition of n with greatest number of distinct terms. - Amarnath Murthy, May 20 2001
Summation table for (x+y) = (0+0),(0+1),(1+0),(0+2),(1+1),(2+0), ...
Also the number of triangular numbers less than or equal to n, not counting 0 as triangular. - Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 21 2005
Permutation of A116939: a(n) = A116939(A116941(n)), a(A116942(n)) = A116939(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 27 2006
Maximal size of partitions of n into distinct parts, see A000009. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 13 2009
Also number of digits of A000462(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 27 2011
Also the maximum number of 1's contained in the list of hook-lengths of a partition of n. E.g., a(4)=2 because hooks of partitions of n=4 comprise {4,3,2,1}, {4,2,1,1}, {3,2,2,1}, {4,1,2,1}, {4,3,2,1} where the number of 1's in each is 1,2,1,2,1. Hence the maximum is 2. - T. Amdeberhan, Jun 03 2012
Fan, Yang, and Yu (2012) prove a conjecture of Amdeberhan on the generating function of a(n). - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 17 2012
Also the number of partitions of n into distinct parts p such that max(p) - min(p) <= length(p). - Clark Kimberling, Apr 18 2014
Also the maximum number of occurrences of any single value among the previous terms. - Ivan Neretin, Sep 20 2015
Where records occur gives A000217. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 05 2015
Also number of peaks in the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(n), n >= 1. Cf. A237593. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 19 2016

			G.f. = x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 2*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 3*x^6 + 3*x^7 + 3*x^8 + 3*x^9 + 4*x^10 + ...
As triangle, the sequence starts
  0;
  1, 1;
  2, 2, 2;
  3, 3, 3, 3;
  4, 4, 4, 4, 4;
  5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5;
  6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6;
  7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7;
  8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8;
  ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Anna R. B. Fan, Harold R. L. Yang, and Rebecca T. Yu, On the Maximum Number of k-Hooks of Partitions of n, arXiv:1212.3505 [math.CO], 2012.
Michael Somos, Sequences used for indexing triangular or square arrays.

a(n) = A002024(n+1)-1.
Cf. A000196, A000217, A000462, A001227, A001462, A001614, A004247 (multiplication table), A006463 (partial sums), A016655, A050600, A050602, A048645, A122797, A131507, A238005.
Partial sums of A073424.
Cf. A116939, A116941, A116942,

a003056 = floor . (/ 2) . (subtract 1) .
                  sqrt . (+ 1) . (* 8) . fromIntegral
a003056_row n = replicate (n + 1) n
a003056_tabl = map a003056_row [0..]
a003056_list = concat $ a003056_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 02 2014, Oct 17 2010

[Floor((Sqrt(1+8*n)-1)/2): n in [0..80]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 23 2011

A003056 := (n,k) -> n: # Peter Luschny, Oct 29 2011
a := [ 0 ]: for i from 1 to 15 do for j from 1 to i+1 do a := [ op(a),i ]; od: od: a;
A003056 := proc(n)
    floor((sqrt(1+8*n)-1)/2) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Jul 10 2015

f[n_] := Floor[(Sqrt[1 + 8n] - 1)/2]; Table[ f[n], {n, 0, 87}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 21 2005 *)
Table[x, {x, 0, 13}, {y, 0, x}] // Flatten
T[ n_, k_] := If[ n >= k >= 0, n, 0]; (* Michael Somos, Dec 22 2016 *)
Flatten[Table[PadRight[{},n+1,n],{n,0,12}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 03 2021 *)

A003056(n)=(sqrtint(8*n+1)-1)\2  \\ M. F. Hasler, Oct 08 2011

t1(n)=floor(-1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)) /* A003056 */

t2(n)=n-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)),2) /* A002262 */

from math import isqrt
def A003056(n): return (k:=isqrt(m:=n+1<<1))+int((m<<2)>(k<<2)*(k+1)+1)-1 # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 26 2022

a(n) = floor((sqrt(1+8*n)-1)/2). - Antti Karttunen
a(n) = floor(-1/2 + sqrt(2*n+b)) with 1/4 <= b < 9/4 or a(n) = floor((sqrt(8*n+b)-1)/2) with 1 <= b < 9. - Michael A. Childers (childers_moof(AT)yahoo.com), Nov 11 2001
a(n) = f(n,0) with f(n,k) = k if n <= k, otherwise f(n-k-1, k+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 23 2009
a(n) = 2*n + 1 - A001614(n+1) = n + 1 - A122797(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2012
a(n) = k if k*(k+1)/2 <= n < (k+1)*(k+2)/2. - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 17 2012
G.f.: (1-x)^(-1)*Sum_{n>=1} x^(n*(n+1)/2) = (Theta_2(0,x^(1/2)) - 2*x^(1/8))/(2*x^(1/8)*(1-x)) where Theta_2 is a Jacobi Theta function. - Robert Israel, May 21 2015
a(n) = floor((A000196(1+8*n)-1)/2). - Pontus von Brömssen, Dec 10 2018
a(n+1) = a(n-a(n)) + 1, a(0) = 0. - Rok Cestnik, Dec 29 2020
a(n) = A001227(n) + A238005(n), n >= 1. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 30 2021
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = log(2)/2 (cf. A016655). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 24 2023
G.f. as array: (x + y - 2*x*y)/((1 - x)^2*(1 - y)^2). - Stefano Spezia, Dec 20 2023 [corrected by Stefano Spezia, Apr 22 2024]

Definition clarified by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 08 2020

A004736 Triangle read by rows: row n lists the first n positive integers in decreasing order.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

Offset: 1

R. Muller

Old name: Triangle T(n,k) = n-k, n >= 1, 0 <= k < n. Fractal sequence formed by repeatedly appending strings m, m-1, ..., 2, 1.
The PARI functions t1 (this sequence), t2 (A002260) can be used to read a square array T(n,k) (n >= 1, k >= 1) by antidiagonals upwards: n -> T(t1(n), t2(n)). - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2002, edited by M. F. Hasler, Mar 31 2020
A004736 is the mirror of the self-fission of the polynomial sequence (q(n,x)) given by q(n,x) = x^n+  x^(n-1) + ... + x + 1. See A193842 for the definition of fission. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 07 2011
Seen as flattened list: a(A000217(n)) = 1; a(A000124(n)) = n and a(m) <> n for m < A000124(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 22 2012
Sequence B is called a reverse reluctant sequence of sequence A, if B is triangle array read by rows: row number k lists first k elements of the sequence A in reverse order. Sequence A004736 is the reverse reluctant sequence of sequence 1,2,3,... (A000027). - Boris Putievskiy, Dec 13 2012
The row sums equal A000217(n). The alternating row sums equal A004526(n+1). The antidiagonal sums equal A002620(n+1) respectively A008805(n-1). - Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 28 2013
From Peter Bala, Jul 29 2014: (Start)
Riordan array (1/(1-x)^2,x). Call this array M and for k = 0,1,2,... define M(k) to be the lower unit triangular block array
/I_k 0\
\ 0  M/
having the k X k identity matrix I_k as the upper left block; in particular, M(0) = M. Then the infinite matrix product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... is equal to A078812. (End)
T(n, k) gives the number of subsets of [n] := {1, 2, ..., n} with k consecutive numbers (consecutive k-subsets of [n]).  - Wolfdieter Lang, May 30 2018
a(n) gives the distance from (n-1) to the smallest triangular number > (n-1). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Apr 09 2020
To construct the sequence, start from 1,2,,3,,,4,,,,5,,,,,6... where there are n commas after each "n". Then fill the empty places by the sequence itself. - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 17 2021
T(n,k) is the number of cycles of length 2*(k+1) in the (n+1)-ladder graph. There are no cycles of odd length. - Mohammed Yaseen, Jan 14 2023
The first 77 entries are also the signature sequence of log(3)=A002391. Then the two sequences start to differ. - R. J. Mathar, May 27 2024

			The triangle T(n, k) starts:
   n\k  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 ...
   1:   1
   2:   2  1
   3:   3  2  1
   4:   4  3  2  1
   5:   5  4  3  2  1
   6:   6  5  4  3  2  1
   7:   7  6  5  4  3  2  1
   8:   8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
   9:   9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
  10:  10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
  11:  11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
  12:  12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
  ... Reformatted. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Feb 04 2015
T(6, 3) = 4 because the four consecutive 3-subsets of [6] = {1, 2, ..., 6} are {1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4}, {3, 4, 5} and {4, 5, 6}. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 30 2018

H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd ed., Dover, NY, 1973, pp 159-162.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 1..100 of triangle, flattened
Isabel Cação, Helmuth R. Malonek, Maria Irene Falcão, and Graça Tomaz, Combinatorial Identities Associated with a Multidimensional Polynomial Sequence, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 21 (2018), Article 18.7.4.
Isabel Cação, Helmuth R. Malonek, Maria Irene Falcão, and Graça Tomaz, Intrinsic Properties of a Non-Symmetric Number Triangle, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.4.8.
Glen Joyce C. Dulatre, Jamilah V. Alarcon, Vhenedict M. Florida, and Daisy Ann A. Disu, On Fractal Sequences, DMMMSU-CAS Science Monitor (2016-2017) Vol. 15 No. 2, 109-113.
Joaquín Figueroa, Ivan Gonzalez, and Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi, A Novel Transfer Matrix Framework for Multiple Dirac Delta Potentials, arXiv:2503.23134 [quant-ph], 2025. See pp. 4, 9.
Clark Kimberling, Fractal sequences
Clark Kimberling, Numeration systems and fractal sequences, Acta Arithmetica 73 (1995) 103-117.
Boris Putievskiy, Transformations Integer Sequences And Pairing Functions arXiv:1212.2732 [math.CO], 2012.
F. Smarandache, Sequences of Numbers Involved in Unsolved Problems.
Michael Somos, Sequences used for indexing triangular or square arrays
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ladder Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Smarandache Sequences

Cf. A000217, A002024, A002262, A003056, A025581.
Ordinal transform of A002260. See also A078812.
Cf. A141419 (partial sums per row).
Cf. A134546 (T * A051731, matrix product).
See A001511 for definition of ordinal transform.
Cf. A128174 (parity).

=if(row()>=column();row()-column()+1;"") [Mats Granvik, Jan 19 2009]

a004736 n k = n - k + 1
a004736_row n = a004736_tabl !! (n-1)
a004736_tabl = map reverse a002260_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 04 2014, Jul 22 2012

A004736 := proc(n,m) n-m+1 ; end:
T := (n, k) -> n-k+1: seq(seq(T(n,k), k=1..n), n=1..13); # Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 28 2013

Flatten[ Table[ Reverse[ Range[n]], {n, 12}]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 27 2004 *)
Table[Range[n,1,-1],{n,20}]//Flatten (* Harvey P. Dale, May 27 2020 *)

{a(n) = 1 + binomial(1 + floor(1/2 + sqrt(2*n)), 2) - n}

{t1(n) = binomial( floor(3/2 + sqrt(2*n)), 2) - n + 1} /* A004736 */

{t2(n) = n - binomial( floor(1/2 + sqrt(2*n)), 2)} /* A002260 */

apply( A004736(n)=1-n+(n=sqrtint(8*n)\/2)*(n+1)\2, [1..99]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Mar 31 2020

def agen(rows):
    for n in range(1, rows+1): yield from range(n, 0, -1)
print([an for an in agen(13)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Aug 17 2021

from math import comb, isqrt
def A004736(n): return comb((m:=isqrt(k:=n<<1))+(k>m*(m+1))+1,2)+1-n # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 08 2024

a(n+1) = 1 + A025581(n).
a(n) = (2 - 2*n + round(sqrt(2*n)) + round(sqrt(2*n))^2)/2. - Brian Tenneson, Oct 11 2003
G.f.: 1 / ((1-x)^2 * (1-x*y)). - Ralf Stephan, Jan 23 2005
Recursion: e(n,k) = (e(n - 1, k)*e(n, k - 1) + 1)/e(n - 1, k - 1). - Roger L. Bagula, Mar 25 2009
a(n) = (t*t+3*t+4)/2-n, where t = floor((-1+sqrt(8*n-7))/2). - Boris Putievskiy, Dec 13 2012
From Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 28 2013: (Start)
T(n, k) = n - k + 1, n >= 1 and 1 <= k <= n.
T(n, k) = A002260(n+k-1, n-k+1). (End)
a(n) = A000217(A002024(n)) - n + 1. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 29 2016

New name from Omar E. Pol, Jul 15 2012

A002024 k appears k times; a(n) = floor(sqrt(2n) + 1/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Integer inverse function of the triangular numbers A000217. The function trinv(n) = floor((1+sqrt(1+8n))/2), n >= 0, gives the values 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, ..., that is, the same sequence with offset 0. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 21 2009
Array T(k,n) = n+k-1 read by antidiagonals.
Eigensequence of the triangle = A001563. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 29 2008
Can apparently also be defined via a(n+1)=b(n) for n >= 2 where b(0)=b(1)=1 and b(n) = b(n-b(n-2))+1. Tested to be correct for all n <= 150000. - José María Grau Ribas, Jun 10 2011
For any n >= 0, a(n+1) is the least integer m such that A000217(m)=m(m+1)/2 is larger than n. This is useful when enumerating representations of n as difference of triangular numbers; see also A234813. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 19 2014
Number of binary digits of A023758, i.e., a(n) = ceiling(log_2(A023758(n+2))). - Andres Cicuttin, Apr 29 2016
a(n) and A002260(n) give respectively the x(n) and y(n) coordinates of the sorted sequence of points in the integer lattice such that x(n) > 0, 0 < y(n) <= x(n), and min(x(n), y(n)) < max(x(n+1), y(n+1)) for n > 0. - Andres Cicuttin, Dec 25 2016
Partial sums (A060432) are given by S(n) = (-a(n)^3 + a(n)*(1+6n))/6. - Daniel Cieslinski, Oct 23 2017
As an array, T(k,n) is the number of digits columns used in carryless multiplication between a k-digit number and an n-digit number. - Stefano Spezia, Sep 24 2022
a(n) is the maximum number of possible solutions to an n-statement Knights and Knaves Puzzle, where each statement is of the form "x of us are knights" for some 1 <= x <= n, knights can only tell the truth and knaves can only lie. - Taisha Charles and Brittany Ohlinger, Jul 29 2023

			From _Clark Kimberling_, Sep 16 2008: (Start)
As a rectangular array, a northwest corner:
  1 2 3 4 5 6
  2 3 4 5 6 7
  3 4 5 6 7 8
  4 5 6 7 8 9
This is the weight array (cf. A144112) of A107985 (formatted as a rectangular array). (End)
G.f. = x + 2*x^2 + 2*x^3 + 3*x^4 + 3*x^5 + 3*x^6 + 4*x^7 + 4*x^9 + 4*x^9 + 4*x^10 + ...

Edward S. Barbeau, Murray S. Klamkin, and William O. J. Moser, Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges, Prob. 441, pp. 41, 194. MAA 1995.
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth, and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990, p. 97.
K. Hardy and K. S. Williams, The Green Book of Mathematical Problems, p. 59, Solution to Prob. 14, Dover NY, 1985
R. Honsberger, Mathematical Morsels, pp. 133-134, MAA 1978.
J. F. Hurley, Litton's Problematical Recreations, pp. 152; 313-4 Prob. 22, VNR Co., NY, 1971.
D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, Vol. 1, p. 43.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 129.

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5050
Jaegug Bae and Sungjin Choi, A generalization of a subset-sum-distinct sequence, J. Korean Math. Soc. 40 (2003), no. 5, 757--768. MR1996839 (2004d:05198). See b(n).
Jonathan H. B. Deane and Guido Gentile, A diluted version of the problem of the existence of the Hofstadter sequence, arXiv:2311.13854 [math.NT], 2023. See p. 10.
Nathan Fox, Connecting Slow Solutions to Nested Recurrences with Linear Recurrent Sequences, arXiv:2203.09340 [math.CO], 2022.
H. T. Freitag and H. W. Gould, Solution to Problem 571, Math. Mag., 38 (1965), 185-187.
H. T. Freitag (Proposer) and H. W. Gould (Solver), Problem 571: An Ordering of the Rationals, Math. Mag., 38 (1965), 185-187 [Annotated scanned copy]
Mikel Garcia-de-Andoin, Álvaro Saiz, Pedro Pérez-Fernández, Lucas Lamata, Izaskun Oregi, and Mikel Sanz, Digital-Analog Quantum Computation with Arbitrary Two-Body Hamiltonians, arXiv:2307.00966 [quant-ph], 2023.
S. W. Golomb, Discrete chaos: sequences satisfying "strange" recursions, unpublished manuscript, circa 1990 [cached copy, with permission (annotated)]
Henry W. Gould, Letters to N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 1973 and Jan 1974.
Abraham Isgur, Vitaly Kuznetsov, and Stephen Tanny, A combinatorial approach for solving certain nested recursions with non-slow solutions, arXiv:1202.0276 [math.CO], 2012.
Stanley Wu-Wei Liu, Closed form expressions for A002024(n).
M. A. Nyblom, Some curious sequences involving floor and ceiling functions, Am. Math. Monthly 109 (#6, 200), 559-564.
Boris Putievskiy, Transformations [Of] Integer Sequences And Pairing Functions, arXiv:1212.2732 [math.CO], 2012.
Raphael Schumacher, Extension of Summation Formulas involving Stirling series, arXiv:1605.09204 [math.NT], 2016.
Raphael Schumacher, The self-counting identity, Fib. Quart., 55 (No. 2 2017), 157-167.
Raphael Schumacher, The Self-Counting Flow, Fibonacci Quart. 60 (2022), no. 5, 324-343.
N. J. A. Sloane, Handwritten notes on Self-Generating Sequences, 1970. (note that A1148 has now become A005282)
Michael Somos, Sequences used for indexing triangular or square arrays.
L. J. Upton, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, May 22 1991.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Self-Counting Sequence.
Index entries for Hofstadter-type sequences

a(n+1) = 1+A003056(n), A022846(n)=a(n^2), a(n+1)=A002260(n)+A025581(n).
Cf. A001462, A002262, A003881, A004736, A127899, A107985, A001563, A014132, A000194, A005145, A131507, A093995, A060432 (partial sums).
A123578 is an essentially identical sequence.

a002024 n k = a002024_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a002024_row n = a002024_tabl !! (n-1)
a002024_tabl = iterate (\xs@(x:_) -> map (+ 1) (x : xs)) [1]
a002024_list = concat a002024_tabl
a002024' = round . sqrt . (* 2) . fromIntegral
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 05 2015, Feb 12 2012, Mar 18 2011

a002024_list = [1..] >>= \n -> replicate n n

a002024 = (!!) $ [1..] >>= \n -> replicate n n
-- Sascha Mücke, May 10 2016

[Floor(Sqrt(2*n) + 1/2): n in [1..80]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 19 2014

A002024 := n-> ceil((sqrt(1+8*n)-1)/2); seq(A002024(n), n=1..100);

a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = a[n - a[n - 1]] + 1 (* Branko Curgus, May 12 2009 *)
Table[n, {n, 13}, {n}] // Flatten (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 11 2010 *)
Table[PadRight[{},n,n],{n,15}]//Flatten (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 13 2019 *)

t1(n)=floor(1/2+sqrt(2*n)) /* A002024 = this sequence */

t2(n)=n-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2*n)),2) /* A002260(n-1) */

t3(n)=binomial(floor(3/2+sqrt(2*n)),2)-n+1 /* A004736 */

t4(n)=n-1-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2*n)),2) /* A002260(n-1)-1 */

A002024(n)=(sqrtint(n*8)+1)\2 \\ M. F. Hasler, Apr 19 2014

PARI
```
a(n)=(sqrtint(8*n-7)+1)\2
```

a(n)=my(k=1);while(binomial(k+1,2)+1<=n,k++);k \\ R. J. Cano, Mar 17 2014

from math import isqrt
def A002024(n): return (isqrt(8*n)+1)//2 # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 02 2022

[floor(sqrt(2*n) +1/2) for n in (1..80)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 10 2018

a(n) = floor(1/2 + sqrt(2n)). Also a(n) = ceiling((sqrt(1+8n)-1)/2). [See the Liu link for a large collection of explicit formulas. - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 30 2019]
a((k-1)*k/2 + i) = k for k > 0 and 0 < i <= k. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 30 2001
a(n) = a(n - a(n-1)) + 1, with a(1)=1. - Ian M. Levitt (ilevitt(AT)duke.poly.edu), Aug 18 2002
a(n) = round(sqrt(2n)). - Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)hotmail.com), Nov 01 2002
T(n,k) = A003602(A118413(n,k)); = T(n,k) = A001511(A118416(n,k)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
G.f.: (x/(1-x))*Product_{k>0} (1-x^(2*k))/(1-x^(2*k-1)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 06 2003
Equals A127899 * A004736. - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 09 2007
Sum_{i=1..n} Sum_{j=i..n+i-1} T(j,i) = A000578(n); Sum_{i=1..n} T(n,i) = A000290(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 24 2007
a(n) + n = A014132(n). - Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 08 2010
a(n) = ceiling(-1/2 + sqrt(2n)). - Branko Curgus, May 12 2009
a(A169581(n)) = A038567(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 02 2009
a(n) = round(sqrt(2*n)) = round(sqrt(2*n-1)); there exist a and b greater than zero such that 2*n = 2+(a+b)^2 -(a+3*b) and a(n)=(a+b-1). - Fabio Civolani (civox(AT)tiscali.it), Feb 23 2010
A005318(n+1) = 2*A005318(n) - A205744(n), A205744(n) = A005318(A083920(n)), A083920(n) = n - a(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 11 2012
Expansion of psi(x) * x / (1 - x) in powers of x where psi() is a Ramanujan theta function. - Michael Somos, Mar 19 2014
G.f.: (x/(1-x)) * Product_{n>=1} (1 + x^n) * (1 - x^(2*n)). - Paul D. Hanna, Feb 27 2016
a(n) = 1 + Sum_{i=1..n/2} ceiling(floor(2(n-1)/(i^2+i))/(2n)). - José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Jan 07 2017
a(n) = floor((sqrt(8*n-7)+1)/2). - Néstor Jofré, Apr 24 2017
a(n) = floor((A000196(8*n)+1)/2). - Pontus von Brömssen, Dec 10 2018
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = Pi/4 (A003881). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 01 2022
G.f. as array: (x^2*(1 - y)^2 + y^2 + x*y*(1 - 2*y))/((1 - x)^2*(1 - y)^2). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 22 2024

A000096 a(n) = n*(n+3)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, 27, 35, 44, 54, 65, 77, 90, 104, 119, 135, 152, 170, 189, 209, 230, 252, 275, 299, 324, 350, 377, 405, 434, 464, 495, 527, 560, 594, 629, 665, 702, 740, 779, 819, 860, 902, 945, 989, 1034, 1080, 1127, 1175, 1224, 1274, 1325, 1377, 1430, 1484, 1539, 1595, 1652, 1710, 1769

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

For n >= 1, a(n) is the maximal number of pieces that can be obtained by cutting an annulus with n cuts. See illustration. - Robert G. Wilson v
n(n-3)/2 (n >= 3) is the number of diagonals of an n-gon. - Antreas P. Hatzipolakis (xpolakis(AT)otenet.gr)
n(n-3)/2 (n >= 4) is the degree of the third-smallest irreducible presentation of the symmetric group S_n (cf. James and Kerber, Appendix 1).
a(n) is also the multiplicity of the eigenvalue (-2) of the triangle graph Delta(n+1). (See p. 19 in Biggs.) - Felix Goldberg (felixg(AT)tx.technion.ac.il), Nov 25 2001
For n > 3, a(n-3) = dimension of the traveling salesman polytope T(n). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 18 2002
Also counts quasi-dominoes (quasi-2-ominoes) on an n X n board. Cf. A094170-A094172. - Jon Wild, May 07 2004
Coefficient of x^2 in (1 + x + 2*x^2)^n. - Michael Somos, May 26 2004
a(n) is the number of "prime" n-dimensional polyominoes. A "prime" n-polyomino cannot be formed by connecting any other n-polyominoes except for the n-monomino and the n-monomino is not prime. E.g., for n=1, the 1-monomino is the line of length 1 and the only "prime" 1-polyominoes are the lines of length 2 and 3. This refers to "free" n-dimensional polyominoes, i.e., that can be rotated along any axis. - Bryan Jacobs (bryanjj(AT)gmail.com), Apr 01 2005
Solutions to the quadratic equation q(m, r) = (-3 +- sqrt(9 + 8(m - r))) / 2, where m - r is included in a(n). Let t(m) = the triangular number (A000217) less than some number k and r = k - t(m). If k is neither prime nor a power of two and m - r is included in A000096, then m - q(m, r) will produce a value that shares a divisor with k. - Andrew S. Plewe, Jun 18 2005
Sum_{k=2..n+1} 4/(k*(k+1)*(k-1)) = ((n+3)*n)/((n+2)*(n+1)). Numerator(Sum_{k=2..n+1} 4/(k*(k+1)*(k-1))) = (n+3)*n/2. - Alexander Adamchuk, Apr 11 2006
Number of rooted trees with n+3 nodes of valence 1, no nodes of valence 2 and exactly two other nodes. I.e., number of planted trees with n+2 leaves and exactly two branch points. - Theo Johnson-Freyd (theojf(AT)berkeley.edu), Jun 10 2007
If X is an n-set and Y a fixed 2-subset of X then a(n-2) is equal to the number of (n-2)-subsets of X intersecting Y. - Milan Janjic, Jul 30 2007
For n >= 1, a(n) is the number of distinct shuffles of the identity permutation on n+1 letters with the identity permutation on 2 letters (12). - Camillia Smith Barnes, Oct 04 2008
If s(n) is a sequence defined as s(1) = x, s(n) = kn + s(n-1) + p for n > 1, then s(n) = a(n-1)*k + (n-1)*p + x. - Gary Detlefs, Mar 04 2010
The only primes are a(1) = 2 and a(2) = 5. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 18 2011
a(n) = m such that the (m+1)-th triangular number minus the m-th triangular number is the (n+1)-th triangular number: (m+1)(m+2)/2 - m(m+1)/2 = (n+1)(n+2)/2. - Zak Seidov, Jan 22 2012
For n >= 1, number of different values that Sum_{k=1..n} c(k)*k can take where the c(k) are 0 or 1. - Joerg Arndt, Jun 24 2012
On an n X n chessboard (n >= 2), the number of possible checkmate positions in the case of king and rook versus a lone king is 0, 16, 40, 72, 112, 160, 216, 280, 352, ..., which is 8*a(n-2). For a 4 X 4 board the number is 40. The number of positions possible was counted including all mirror images and rotations for all four sides of the board. - Jose Abutal, Nov 19 2013
If k = a(i-1) or k = a(i+1) and n = k + a(i), then C(n, k-1), C(n, k), C(n, k+1) are three consecutive binomial coefficients in arithmetic progression and these are all the solutions. There are no four consecutive binomial coefficients in arithmetic progression. - Michael Somos, Nov 11 2015
a(n-1) is also the number of independent components of a symmetric traceless tensor of rank 2 and dimension n >= 1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 10 2015
Numbers k such that 8k + 9 is a square. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Apr 05 2016
Let phi_(D,rho) be the average value of a generic degree D monic polynomial f when evaluated at the roots of the rho-th derivative of f, expressed as a polynomial in the averaged symmetric polynomials in the roots of f. [See the Wojnar et al. link] The "last" term of phi_(D,rho) is a multiple of the product of all roots of f; the coefficient is expressible as a polynomial h_D(N) in N:=D-rho. These polynomials are of the form h_D(N)= ((-1)^D/(D-1)!)*(D-N)*N^chi*g_D(N) where chi = (1 if D is odd, 0 if D is even) and g_D(N) is a monic polynomial of degree (D-2-chi). Then a(n) are the negated coefficients of the next to the highest order term in the polynomials N^chi*g_D(N), starting at D=3. - Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Jul 19 2017
For n >= 2, a(n) is the number of summations required to solve the linear regression of n variables (n-1 independent variables and 1 dependent variable). - Felipe Pedraza-Oropeza, Dec 07 2017
For n >= 2, a(n) is the number of sums required to solve the linear regression of n variables: 5 for two variables (sums of X, Y, X^2, Y^2, X*Y), 9 for 3 variables (sums of X1, X2, Y1, X1^2, X1*X2, X1*Y, X2^2, X2*Y, Y^2), and so on. - Felipe Pedraza-Oropeza, Jan 11 2018
a(n) is the area of a triangle with vertices at (n, n+1), ((n+1)*(n+2)/2, (n+2)*(n+3)/2), ((n+2)^2, (n+3)^2). - J. M. Bergot, Jan 25 2018
Number of terms less than 10^k: 1, 4, 13, 44, 140, 446, 1413, 4471, 14141, 44720, 141420, 447213, ... - Muniru A Asiru, Jan 25 2018
a(n) is also the number of irredundant sets in the (n+1)-path complement graph for n > 2. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 11 2018
a(n) is also the largest number k such that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(k) has exactly n peaks, n >= 1. (Cf. A237593.) - Omar E. Pol, Sep 04 2018
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of facets of associahedra. Cf. A033282 and A126216 and their refinements A111785 and A133437 for related combinatorial and analytic constructs. See p. 40 of Hanson and Sha for a relation to projective spaces and string theory. - Tom Copeland, Jan 03 2021
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of bipartite graphs with 2n or 2n+1 edges, no isolated vertices, and a stable set of cardinality 2. - Christian Barrientos, Jun 13 2022
For n >= 2, a(n-2) is the number of permutations in S_n which are the product of two different transpositions of adjacent points. - Zbigniew Wojciechowski, Mar 31 2023
a(n) represents the optimal stop-number to achieve the highest running score for the Greedy Pig game with an (n-1)-sided die with a loss on a 1. The total at which one should stop is a(s-1),  e.g. for a 6-sided die, one should pass the die at 20. See Sparks and Haran. - Nicholas Stefan Georgescu, Jun 09 2024

			G.f. = 2*x + 5*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 14*x^4 + 20*x^5 + 27*x^6 + 35*x^7 + 44*x^8 + 54*x^9 + ...

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), Table 22.7, p. 797.
Norman Biggs, Algebraic Graph Theory, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
G. James and A. Kerber, The Representation Theory of the Symmetric Group, Encyclopedia of Maths. and its Appls., Vol. 16, Addison-Wesley, 1981, Reading, MA, U.S.A.
D. G. Kendall et al., Shape and Shape Theory, Wiley, 1999; see p. 4.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
D. Applegate, R. Bixby, V. Chvatal and W. Cook, On the solution of traveling salesman problem, In : Int. Congress of mathematics (Berlin 1998), Documenta Math., Extra Volume ICM 1998, Vol. III, pp. 645-656.
J.-L. Baril, Classical sequences revisited with permutations avoiding dotted pattern, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 18 (2011), #P178.
Robert Davis and Greg Simay, Further Combinatorics and Applications of Two-Toned Tilings, arXiv:2001.11089 [math.CO], 2020.
L. Euler, Sur une contradiction apparente dans la doctrine des lignes courbes, Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Berlin, 4, 219-233, 1750 Reprinted in Opera Omnia, Series I, Vol. 26. pp. 33-45.
Mareike Fischer, Extremal values of the Sackin balance index for rooted binary trees, arXiv:1801.10418 [q-bio.PE], 2018.
Mareike Fischer, Extremal Values of the Sackin Tree Balance Index, Ann. Comb. (2021) Vol. 25, 515-541, Theorem 1.
A. Hanson and J. Sha, A Contour Integral Representation for the Dual Five-Point Function and a Symmetry of the Genus Four Surface in R6, arXiv preprint arXiv:0510064 [math-ph], 2005.
F. T. Howard and Curtis Cooper, Some identities for r-Fibonacci numbers, Fibonacci Quart. 49 (2011), no. 3, 231-243.
S. P. Humphries, Home page
S. P. Humphries, Braid groups, infinite Lie algebras of Cartan type and rings of invariants, Topology and its Applications, 95 (3) (1999) pp. 173-205.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 1018 [dead link]
Milan Janjic, Two Enumerative Functions
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Pairs of intertwined integer sequences, arXiv:2507.15780 [math.NT], 2025. See p. 13.
A. McLeod and W. O. J. Moser, Counting cyclic binary strings, Math. Mag., 80 (No. 1, 2007), 29-37.
Yashar Memarian, On the Maximum Number of Vertices of Minimal Embedded Graphs, arXiv:0910.2469 [math.CO], 2009-15. [_Jonathan Vos Post_, Oct 14 2009]
Ângela Mestre and José Agapito, A Family of Riordan Group Automorphisms, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.8.5.
E. Pérez Herrero, Binomial Matrix (I), Psychedelic Geometry Blogspot 09/22/09. [_Enrique Pérez Herrero_, Sep 22 2009]
T. Manneville and V. Pilaud, Compatibility fans for graphical nested complexes, arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.07152 [math.CO], 2015.
P. Moree, Convoluted convolved Fibonacci numbers, arXiv:math/0311205 [math.CO], 2003.
P. Moree, Convoluted Convolved Fibonacci Numbers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.2.2.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Maria J. Rodriguez, Black holes in all, The KIAS Newsletter, Vol.3, pp.29-34, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Dec. 2010. [Wayback archive]
C. Rossiter, Depictions, Explorations and Formulas of the Euler/Pascal Cube. [Wayback archive]
E. Sandifer, How Euler Did It: Cramer's Paradox, 2004.
N. J. A. Sloane, How to cut an annulus into 9 pieces with three cuts.
Ben Sparks and Brady Haran, The Math of Being a Greedy Pig, Numberphile video, 2021.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cramer-Euler Paradox
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Irredundant Set
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Path Complement Graph
G. G. Wojnar, D. Sz. Wojnar, and L. Q. Brin, Universal Peculiar Linear Mean Relationships in All Polynomials, arXiv:1706.08381 [math.GM], 2017.
Index entries for two-way infinite sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.

Complement of A007401. Column 2 of A145324. Column of triangle A014473, first skew subdiagonal of A033282, a diagonal of A079508.
Occurs as a diagonal in A074079/A074080, i.e., A074079(n+3, n) = A000096(n-1) for all n >= 2. Also A074092(n) = 2^n * A000096(n-1) after n >= 2.
Cf. A000124, A000217, A005581-A005584, A023531, A034856, A067550, A127672 (Chebyshev C).
Cf. numbers of the form n*(n*k-k+4)/2 listed in A226488.
Similar sequences are listed in A316466.
Cf. A033282, A111785, A126216, A133437.

a := List([0..1000], n -> n*(n+3)/2); # Muniru A Asiru, Jan 25 2018

a000096 n = n * (n + 3) `div` 2
a000096_list = [x | x <- [0..], a023531 x == 1]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 14 2015, Dec 04 2012

[n*(n+3)/2: n in [0..60]]; // Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Apr 05 2016

[n: n in [0..2300] | IsSquare(8*n+9)]; // Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Apr 05 2016

A000096 := n->n*(n+3)/2; seq(A000096(n), n=0..50);
A000096 :=z*(-2+z)/(z-1)**3; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

Table[n*(n+3)/2, {n, 0, 100}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Oct 25 2008 *)
LinearRecurrence[{3,-3,1}, {0,2,5}, 60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 30 2013 *)

{a(n) = n * (n+3)/2}; \\ Michael Somos, May 26 2004

first(n) = Vec(x*(2-x)/(1-x)^3 + O(x^n), -n) \\ Iain Fox, Dec 12 2017

G.f.: A(x) = x*(2-x)/(1-x)^3. a(n) = binomial(n+1, n-1) + binomial(n, n-1).
Connection with triangular numbers: a(n) = A000217(n+1) - 1.
a(n) = a(n-1) + n + 1. - Bryan Jacobs (bryanjj(AT)gmail.com), Apr 01 2005
a(n) = 2*t(n) - t(n-1) where t() are the triangular numbers, e.g., a(5) = 2*t(5) - t(4) = 2*15 - 10 = 20. - Jon Perry, Jul 23 2003
a(-3-n) = a(n). - Michael Somos, May 26 2004
2*a(n) = A008778(n) - A105163(n). - Creighton Dement, Apr 15 2005
a(n) = C(3+n, 2) - C(3+n, 1). - Zerinvary Lajos, Dec 09 2005
a(n) = A067550(n+1) / A067550(n). - Alexander Adamchuk, May 20 2006
a(n) = A126890(n,1) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 30 2006
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3). - Paul Curtz, Jan 02 2008
Starting (2, 5, 9, 14, ...) = binomial transform of (2, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 03 2008
For n >= 0, a(n+2) = b(n+1) - b(n), where b(n) is the sequence A005586. - K.V.Iyer, Apr 27 2009
A002262(a(n)) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 20 2009
Let A be the Toeplitz matrix of order n defined by: A[i,i-1]=-1, A[i,j]=Catalan(j-i), (i<=j), and A[i,j]=0, otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)=coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^(n-2)). - Milan Janjic, Jul 08 2010
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (k+1)!/k!. - Gary Detlefs, Aug 03 2010
a(n) = n(n+1)/2 + n = A000217(n) + n. - Zak Seidov, Jan 22 2012
E.g.f.: F(x) = 1/2*x*exp(x)*(x+4) satisfies the differential equation F''(x) - 2*F'(x) + F(x) = exp(x). - Peter Bala, Mar 14 2012
a(n) = binomial(n+3, 2) - (n+3). - Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 15 2012
a(n) = A181971(n+1, 2) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 09 2012
a(n) = A214292(n+2, 1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012
G.f.: -U(0) where U(k) = 1 - 1/((1-x)^2 - x*(1-x)^4/(x*(1-x)^2 - 1/U(k+1))); (continued fraction, 3-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Sep 27 2012
A023532(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 04 2012
a(n) = A014132(n,n) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 12 2012
a(n-1) = (1/n!)*Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n,j)*(-1)^(n-j)*j^n*(j-1). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Jun 06 2013
a(n) = 2n - floor(n/2) + floor(n^2/2). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 15 2013
a(n) = Sum_{i=2..n+1} i. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 28 2013
Sum_{n>0} 1/a(n) = 11/9. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Nov 26 2013
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} (n - i + 2). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 31 2014
A023531(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 14 2015
For n > 0: a(n) = A101881(2*n-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 20 2015
a(n) + a(n-1) = A008865(n+1) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Nov 11 2015
a(n+1) = A127672(4+n, n), n >= 0, where A127672 gives the coefficients of the Chebyshev C polynomials. See the Abramowitz-Stegun reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 10 2015
a(n) = (n+1)^2 - A000124(n). - Anton Zakharov, Jun 29 2016
Dirichlet g.f.: (zeta(s-2) + 3*zeta(s-1))/2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 30 2016
a(n) = 2*A000290(n+3) - 3*A000217(n+3). - J. M. Bergot, Apr 04 2018
a(n) = Stirling2(n+2, n+1) - 1. - Peter Luschny, Jan 05 2021
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 4*log(2)/3 - 5/9. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 10 2021
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 20 2021: (Start)
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = 3.
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = 3*cos(sqrt(17)*Pi/2)/(4*Pi). (End)
Product_{n>=0} a(4*n+1)*a(4*n+4)/(a(4*n+2)*a(4*n+3)) = Pi/6. - Michael Jodl, Apr 05 2025

A025581 Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) = n-k, for 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3

Offset: 0

David W. Wilson

Decreasing integers m to 0 followed by decreasing integers m+1 to 0, etc.
The point with coordinates (x = A025581(n), y = A002262(n)) sweeps out the first quadrant by upwards antidiagonals. N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 17 2018
The PARI functions t1, t2 can be used to read a square array T(n,k) (n >= 0, k >= 0) by antidiagonals upwards: n -> T(t1(n), t2(n)). - Michael Somos, Aug 23 2002
Riordan array (x/(1-x)^2, x). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
a(n,k) = (A214604(n,k) - A214661(n,k)) / 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 25 2012
Sequence B is called a reverse reluctant sequence of sequence A if B is a triangular array read by rows such that row number k lists the first k terms of the sequence A in reverse order. This sequence is the reverse reluctant sequence of sequence 0,1,2,3,..., the nonnegative integers A001477. - Boris Putievskiy, Dec 13 2012
A problem posed by François Viète (Vieta) in his book Zeteticorum liber quinque (1593), liber 2, problem 19 (quoted in the Alten et al. reference, on p. 292) is to find for a rectangle (a >= b >= 1) with given a^3 - b^3, name it C, and a*b, name it F, the difference a-b, name it x. This is a simple exercise which Viète found remarkable. It reduces to a standard cubic equation for x, namely  x^3 + 3*F*x = C. Proof: Use the square of the diagonal d^2 = a^2 + b^2. Then (i) C = a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)*(a^2 + b^2 + a*b) = x*(d^2 + F). (ii) use the trivial relation d^2 = (a-b)^2 + 2*a*b = x^2 + 2*F, to eliminate d^2 in (i). End of the Proof. Here for positive integers a = n and b = k: (T(n, k)^2 + 3*A079904(n, k))*T(n, k) = A257238(n, k) (also true for n = k = 0). - Wolfdieter Lang, May 12 2015
See a comment on A051162 on the cubic equation for S = a+b in terms of Cplus = a^3 + b^3 and D = a - b. This equation leads to a - b = sqrt((4*Cplus -S^3)/(3*S)). - Wolfdieter Lang, May 15 2015
The entries correspond to the first of the 2 coordinates of the Cantor Pairs, specifically x=w-(CPKey-(w^2+w)/2), where w=floor((sqrt(8*CPKey+1)-1)/2) and CPKey=Cantor Pair key (A001477). The second of the coordinate pairs is A002262. - Bill McEachen, Sep 12 2015

			The triangle T(n, k) begins (note that one could use l <= k <= n, for any integer l, especially 1):
  n\k  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
   0:  0
   1:  1 0
   2:  2 1 0
   3:  3 2 1 0
   4:  4 3 2 1 0
   5:  5 4 3 2 1 0
   6:  6 5 4 3 2 1 0
   7:  7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
   8:  8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
   9:  9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
  10: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
  ... [formatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 12 2015]

H.-W. Alten et al., 4000 Jahre Algebra, 2. Auflage, Springer, 2014, p. 203.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened
Ângela Mestre and José Agapito, Square Matrices Generated by Sequences of Riordan Arrays, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.8.4.
Boris Putievskiy, Transformations Integer Sequences And Pairing Functions arXiv:1212.2732 [math.CO], 2012.
Michael Somos, Sequences used for indexing triangular or square arrays
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pairing Function.

Cf. A025669, A025676, A025683, A002262, A004736, A001477.
Cf. A141418 (partial sums per row).
Cf. A079904, A257238, A051162, A105125.

a025581 n k = n - k
a025581_row n = [n, n-1 .. 0]
a025581_tabl = iterate (\xs@(x:_) -> (x + 1) : xs) [0]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 04 2014, Jul 22 2012, Mar 07 2011

/* As triangle */ [[(n-k): k in [1..n]]: n in [1.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 13 2015

A025581 := n -> binomial(1+floor((1/2)+sqrt(2*(1+n))),2) - (n+1): seq(A025581(n), n=0..100);

Flatten[NestList[Prepend[#, #[[1]]+1]&, {0}, 13]] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 17 2011 *)
With[{nn=20},Flatten[Table[Join[{0},Reverse[Range[i]]],{i,nn}]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 31 2014 *)
Table[Range[n,0,-1],{n,0,15}]//Flatten (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 01 2020 *)

a(n)=binomial(1+floor(1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)),2)-(n+1) /* produces a(n) */

t1(n)=binomial(floor(3/2+sqrt(2+2*n)),2)-(n+1) /* A025581 */

t2(n)=n-binomial(floor(1/2+sqrt(2+2*n)),2) /* A002262 */

apply( {A025581(n)=binomial(sqrtint(8*n+1)\/2+1,2)-n-1}, [0..90]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Dec 06 2019

from math import isqrt, comb
def A025581(n): return comb((m:=isqrt(k:=n+1<<1))+(k>m*(m+1))+1,2)-n-1 # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 08 2024

T(n, k) = n-k, for 0 <= k <= n.
As a sequence: a(n) = (((trinv(n)-1)*(((1/2)*trinv(n))+1))-n), with trinv(n) = floor((1+sqrt(1+8*n))/2). Cf. A002262.
a(n) = A004736(n+1) - 1.
G.f. for T(n,k): y / ((1-x)^2 * (1-x*y)). - Ralf Stephan, Jan 25 2005
For the cubic equation satisfied by T(n, k) see the comment on a problem by Viète above. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 12 2015
G.f. for a(n): -(1-x)^(-2) + (1-x)^(-1) * Sum_{n>=0} (n+1)*x^(n*(n+1)/2). The sum is related to Jacobi theta functions. - Robert Israel, May 12 2015
T(n, k) = sqrt((4*A105125(n, k) - A051162(n, k)^3)/(3*A051162(n, k))). See a comment above. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 15 2015
a(n) = (1/2)*(t^2 + t - 2*n - 2), where t = floor(sqrt(2*n+1) + 1/2) = round(sqrt(2*n+1)). - Ridouane Oudra, Dec 01 2019
a(n) = ((1/2) * ceiling((-1 + sqrt(9 + 8 * n))/2) * ceiling((1 + sqrt(9 + 8 * n))/2)) - n - 1. - Ryan Jean, Apr 22 2022

Typo in definition corrected by Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 24 2011

Edited (part of name moved to first comment; definition of trinv added in formula) by Wolfdieter Lang, May 12 2015

A053645 Distance to largest power of 2 less than or equal to n; write n in binary, change the first digit to zero, and convert back to decimal.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

Offset: 1

Henry Bottomley, Mar 22 2000

Triangle read by rows in which row n lists the first 2^n nonnegative integers (A001477), n >= 0. Right border gives A000225. Row sums give A006516. See example. - Omar E. Pol, Oct 17 2013

Without the initial zero also: zeroless numbers in base 3 (A032924: 1, 2, 11, 12, 21, ...), ternary digits decreased by 1 and read as binary. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 22 2020

			From _Omar E. Pol_, Oct 17 2013: (Start)
Written as an irregular triangle the sequence begins:
  0;
  0,1;
  0,1,2,3;
  0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7;
  0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15;
  ...
(End)

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, The ring of k-regular sequences, preprint, Theoretical Computer Sci., 98 (1992), 163-197.
J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, The ring of k-regular sequences, Theoretical Computer Sci., 98 (1992), 163-197 (see Ex. 24).
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n

Cf. A000225, A000523, A002262, A004760, A006257, A006516, A030308, A036987, A053644, A062050, A083741, A160588.

a053645 1 = 0
a053645 n = 2 * a053645 n' + b  where (n', b) = divMod n 2
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 28 2014
a053645_list = concatMap (0 `enumFromTo`) a000225_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 04 2013, Mar 23 2012

[n - 2^Ilog2(n): n in [1..70]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 18 2019

seq(n - 2^ilog2(n), n=1..1000); # Robert Israel, Dec 23 2015

Table[n - 2^Floor[Log2[n]], {n, 100}] (* IWABUCHI Yu(u)ki, May 25 2017 *)
Table[FromDigits[Rest[IntegerDigits[n, 2]], 2], {n, 100}] (* IWABUCHI Yu(u)ki, May 25 2017 *)

a(n)=n-2^(#binary(n)-1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 02 2015

def a(n): return n - 2**(n.bit_length()-1)
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 85)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 03 2021

def A053645(n): return n&(1<Chai Wah Wu, Jan 22 2023

a(n) = n - 2^A000523(n).
G.f.: 1/(1-x) * ((2x-1)/(1-x) + Sum_{k>=1} 2^(k-1)*x^2^k). - Ralf Stephan, Apr 18 2003
a(n) = (A006257(n)-1)/2. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 16 2003
a(1) = 0, a(2n) = 2a(n), a(2n+1) = 2a(n) + 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 13 2003
a(n) = A062050(n) - 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 12 2004
a(A004760(n+1)) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 20 2009
a(n) = f(n-1,1) with f(n,m) = if n < m then n else f(n-m,2*m). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 20 2009
Conjecture: a(n) = (1 - A036987(n-1))*(1 + a(n-1)) for n > 1 with a(1) = 0. - Mikhail Kurkov, Jul 16 2019

A023758 Numbers of the form 2^i - 2^j with i >= j.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 48, 56, 60, 62, 63, 64, 96, 112, 120, 124, 126, 127, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254, 255, 256, 384, 448, 480, 496, 504, 508, 510, 511, 512, 768, 896, 960, 992, 1008, 1016, 1020, 1022, 1023

Offset: 1

Olivier Gérard

Numbers whose digits in base 2 are in nonincreasing order.
Might be called "nialpdromes".
Subset of A077436. Proof: Since a(n) is of the form (2^i-1)*2^j, i,j >= 0, a(n)^2 = (2^(2i) - 2^(i+1))*2^(2j) + 2^(2j) where the first sum term has i-1 one bits and its 2j-th bit is zero, while the second sum term switches the 2j-th bit to one, giving i one bits, as in a(n). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 08 2004
Numbers whose binary representation contains no "01". - Benoit Cloitre, May 23 2004
Every polynomial with coefficients equal to 1 for the leading terms and 0 after that, evaluated at 2. For instance a(13) = x^4 + x^3 + x^2 at 2, a(14) = x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + x at 2. - Ben Paul Thurston, Jan 11 2008
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 18 2008: (Start)
As a triangle by rows starting:
   1;
   2,  3;
   4,  6,  7;
   8, 12, 14, 15;
  16, 24, 28, 30, 31;
  ...,
equals A000012 * A130123 * A000012, where A130123 = (1, 0,2; 0,0,4; 0,0,0,8; ...). Row sums of this triangle = A000337 starting (1, 5, 17, 49, 129, ...). (End)
First differences are A057728 = 1; 1; 1; 1; 2,1; 1; 4,2,1; 1; 8,4,2,1; 1; ... i.e., decreasing powers of 2, separated by another "1". - M. F. Hasler, May 06 2009
Apart from first term, numbers that are powers of 2 or the sum of some consecutive powers of 2. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 14 2013
From Andres Cicuttin, Apr 29 2016: (Start)
Numbers that can be digitally generated with twisted ring (Johnson) counters. This is, the binary digits of a(n) correspond to those stored in a shift register where the input bit of the first bit storage element is the inverted output of the last storage element. After starting with all 0’s, each new state is obtained by rotating the stored bits but inverting at each state transition the last bit that goes to the first position (see link).
Examples: for a(n) represented by three bits
             Binary
a(5)= 4   ->  100   last bit = 0
a(6)= 6   ->  110   first bit = 1 (inverted last bit of previous number)
a(7)= 7   ->  111
and for a(n) represented by four bits
             Binary
a(8) = 8   -> 1000
a(9) = 12  -> 1100  last bit = 0
a(10)= 14  -> 1110  first bit = 1 (inverted last bit of previous number)
a(11)= 15  -> 1111
(End)
Powers of 2 represented in bases which are terms of this sequence must always contain at least one digit which is also a power of 2. This is because 2^i mod (2^i - 2^j) = 2^j, which means the last digit always cycles through powers of 2 (or if i=j+1 then the first digit is a power of 2 and the rest are trailing zeros). The only known non-member of this sequence with this property is 5. - Ely Golden, Sep 05 2017
Numbers k such that k = 2^(1 + A000523(k)) - 2^A007814(k). - Daniel Starodubtsev, Aug 05 2021
A002260(n) = v(a(n)/2^v(a(n))+1) and A002024(n) = A002260(n) + v(a(n)) where v is the dyadic valuation (i.e., A007814). - Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra, Feb 01 2023

			a(22) = 64 = 32 + 32 = 2^5 + a(16) = 2^A003056(20) + a(22-5-1).
a(23) = 96 = 64 + 32 = 2^6 + a(16) = 2^A003056(21) + a(23-6-1).
a(24) = 112 = 64 + 48 = 2^6 + a(17) = 2^A003056(22) + a(24-6-1).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 5051 terms from T. D. Noe)
Andreas M. Hinz and Paul K. Stockmeyer, Precious Metal Sequences and Sierpinski-Type Graphs, J. Integer Seq., Vol 25 (2022), Article 22.4.8.
S. M. Shabab Hossain, Md. Mahmudur Rahman and M. Sohel Rahman, Solving a Generalized Version of the Exact Cover Problem with a Light-Based Device, Optical Supercomputing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, Volume 6748/2011, 23-31, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22494-2_4.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Digit.
Wikipedia, Ring counter.
Index entries for 2-automatic sequences.
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n.

A000337(r) = sum of row T(r, c) with 0 <= c < r. See also A002024, A003056, A140129, A140130, A221975.
Cf. A007088, A130123, A101082 (complement), A340375 (characteristic function).
This is the base-2 version of A064222. First differences are A057728.
Subsequence of A077436, of A129523, of A277704, and of A333762.
Subsequences: A043569 (nonzero even terms, or equally, nonzero terms doubled), A175332, A272615, A335431, A000396 (its even terms only), A324200.
Positions of zeros in A049502, A265397, A277899, A284264.
Positions of ones in A283983, A283989.
Positions of nonzero terms in A341509 (apart from the initial zero).
Positions of squarefree terms in A260443.
Fixed points of A264977, A277711, A283165, A334666.
Distinct terms in A340632.
Cf. also A002024, A002260, A007814, A133797, A152449, A181666, A211705, A277699, A306441.
Cf. also A309758, A309759, A309761 (for analogous sequences).

import Data.Set (singleton, deleteFindMin, insert)
a023758 n = a023758_list !! (n-1)
a023758_list = 0 : f (singleton 1) where
f s = x : f (if even x then insert z s' else insert z $ insert (z+1) s')
where z = 2*x; (x, s') = deleteFindMin s
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 24 2014, Dec 19 2012

a:=proc(n) local n2,d: n2:=convert(n,base,2): d:={seq(n2[j]-n2[j-1],j=2..nops(n2))}: if n=0 then 0 elif n=1 then 1 elif d={0,1} or d={0} or d={1} then n else fi end: seq(a(n),n=0..2100); # Emeric Deutsch, Apr 22 2006

Union[Flatten[Table[2^i - 2^j, {i, 0, 100}, {j, 0, i}]]] (* T. D. Noe, Mar 15 2011 *)
Select[Range[0, 2^10], NoneTrue[Differences@ IntegerDigits[#, 2], # > 0 &] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 05 2017 *)

for(n=0,2500,if(prod(k=1,length(binary(n))-1,component(binary(n),k)+1-component(binary(n),k+1))>0,print1(n,",")))

A023758(n)= my(r=round(sqrt(2*n--))); (1<<(n-r*(r-1)/2)-1)<<(r*(r+1)/2-n)
/* or, to illustrate the "decreasing digit" property and analogy to A064222: */
A023758(n,show=0)={ my(a=0); while(n--, show & print1(a","); a=vecsort(binary(a+1)); a*=vector(#a,j,2^(j-1))~); a} \\ M. F. Hasler, May 06 2009

is(n)=if(n<5,1,n>>=valuation(n,2);n++;n>>valuation(n,2)==1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2016

list(lim)=my(v=List([0]),t); for(i=1,logint(lim\1+1,2), t=2^i-1; while(t<=lim, listput(v,t); t*=2)); Set(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 03 2016

def a_next(a_n): return (a_n | (a_n >> 1)) + (a_n & 1)
a_n = 1; a = [0]
for i in range(55): a.append(a_n); a_n = a_next(a_n) # Falk Hüffner, Feb 19 2022

from math import isqrt
def A023758(n): return (1<<(m:=isqrt(n-1<<3)+1>>1))-(1<<(m*(m+1)-(n-1<<1)>>1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 23 2025

a(n) = 2^s(n) - 2^((s(n)^2 + s(n) - 2n)/2) where s(n) = ceiling((-1 + sqrt(1+8n))/2). - Sam Alexander, Jan 08 2005
a(n) = 2^k + a(n-k-1) for 1 < n and k = A003056(n-2). The rows of T(r, c) = 2^r-2^c for 0 <= c < r read from right to left produce this sequence: 1; 2, 3; 4, 6, 7; 8, 12, 14, 15; ... - Frank Ellermann, Dec 06 2001
For n > 0, a(n) mod 2 = A010054(n). - Benoit Cloitre, May 23 2004
A140130(a(n)) = 1 and for n > 1: A140129(a(n)) = A002262(n-2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 14 2008
a(n+1) = (2^(n - r(r-1)/2) - 1) 2^(r(r+1)/2 - n), where r=round(sqrt(2n)). - M. F. Hasler, May 06 2009
Start with A000225. If k is in the sequence, then so is 2k. - Ralf Stephan, Aug 16 2013
G.f.: (x^2/((2-x)*(1-x)))*(1 + Sum_{k>=0} x^((k^2+k)/2)*(1 + x*(2^k-1))). The sum is related to Jacobi theta functions. - Robert Israel, Feb 24 2015
A049502(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 17 2015
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-d)/a(d*(d+1)/2 + 2) if n > 1, d > 0, where d = A002262(n-2). - Yuchun Ji, May 11 2020
A277699(a(n)) = a(n)^2, A306441(a(n)) = a(n+1). - Antti Karttunen, Feb 15 2021 (the latter identity from A306441)
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = A211705. - Amiram Eldar, Feb 20 2022

Definition changed by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 05 2008

A174344 List of x-coordinates of point moving in clockwise square spiral.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -3, -2

Offset: 1

Nikolas Garofil (nikolas(AT)garofil.be), Mar 16 2010

sign

Also, list of x-coordinates of point moving in counterclockwise square spiral.
This spiral, in either direction, is sometimes called the "Ulam spiral", but "square spiral" is a better name. (Ulam looked at the positions of the primes, but of course the spiral itself must be much older.) - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 17 2018
Graham, Knuth and Patashnik give an exercise and answer on mapping n to square spiral x,y coordinates, and back x,y to n.  They start 0 at the origin and first segment North so their y(n) is a(n+1).  In their table of sides, it can be convenient to take n-4*k^2 so the ranges split at -m, 0, m. - Kevin Ryde, Sep 16 2019

			Here is the beginning of the clockwise square spiral. Sequence gives x-coordinate of the n-th point.
.
  20--21--22--23--24--25
   |                   |
  19   6---7---8---9  26
   |   |           |   |
  18   5   0---1  10  27
   |   |       |   |   |
  17   4---3---2  11  28
   |               |   |
  16--15--14--13--12  29
                       |
  35--34--33--32--32--30
.
Given the offset equal to 1, a(n) gives the x-coordinate of the point labeled n-1 in the above drawing. - _M. F. Hasler_, Nov 03 2019

Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, Oren Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 1989, chapter 3, Integer Functions, exercise 40 page 99 and answer page 498.

Peter Kagey, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Seppo Mustonen, Ulam spiral in color [Interactive web page]
Seppo Mustonen, Ulam spiral in color [Local copy of a snapshot of the page]
Hugo Pfoertner, Visualization of spiral using Plot 2, May 29 2018
N. J. A. Sloane, Ulam spiral in color.
Aaron Snook, Augmented Integer Linear Recurrences, Thesis, 2012.
Index entries for sequences related to coordinates of 2D curves

Cf. A180714. A268038 (or A274923) gives sequence of y-coordinates.
The (x,y) coordinates for a point sweeping a quadrant by antidiagonals are (A025581, A002262). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 17 2018
See A296030 for the pairs (A174344(n), A274923(n)). - M. F. Hasler, Oct 20 2019
The diagonal rays are: A002939 (2*n*(2*n-1): 0, 2, 12, 30, ...), A016742 = (4n^2: 0, 4, 16, 36, ...), A002943 (2n(2n+1): 0, 6, 20, 42, ...), A033996 = (4n(n+1): 0, 8, 24, 48, ...). - M. F. Hasler, Oct 31 2019

function SquareSpiral(len)
    x, y, i, j, N, n, c = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
    for k in 0:len-1
        print("$x, ") # or print("$y, ") for A268038.
        if n == 0
            c += 1; c > 3 && (c =  0)
            c == 0 && (i = 0; j =  1)
            c == 1 && (i = 1; j =  0)
            c == 2 && (i = 0; j = -1)
            c == 3 && (i = -1; j = 0)
            c in [1, 3] && (N += 1)
            n = N
        end
        n -= 1
        x, y = x + i, y + j
end end
SquareSpiral(75) # Peter Luschny, May 05 2019

fx:=proc(n) option remember; local k; if n=1 then 0 else
k:=floor(sqrt(4*(n-2)+1)) mod 4;
fx(n-1) + sin(k*Pi/2); fi; end;
[seq(fx(n),n=1..120)]; # Based on Seppo Mustonen's formula. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 11 2016

a[n_]:=a[n]=If[n==0,0,a[n-1]+Sin[Mod[Floor[Sqrt[4*(n-1)+1]],4]*Pi/2]]; Table[a[n],{n,0,50}] (* Seppo Mustonen, Aug 21 2010 *)

L=0; d=1;
for(r=1,9,d=-d;k=floor(r/2)*d;for(j=1,L++,print1(k,", "));forstep(j=k-d,-floor((r+1)/2)*d+d,-d,print1(j,", "))) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Jul 28 2018

a(n) = n--; my(m=sqrtint(n),k=ceil(m/2)); n -= 4*k^2; if(n<0, if(n<-m, k, -k-n), if(nKevin Ryde, Sep 16 2019

apply( A174344(n)={my(m=sqrtint(n-=1), k=m\/2); if(n < 4*k^2-m, k, 0 > n -= 4*k^2, -k-n, n < m, -k, n-3*k)}, [1..99]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Oct 20 2019

# Based on Kevin Ryde's PARI script
import math
def A174344(n):
    n -= 1
    m = math.isqrt(n)
    k = math.ceil(m/2)
    n -= 4*k*k
    if n < 0: return k if n < -m else -k-n
    return -k if n < m else n-3*k # David Radcliffe, Aug 04 2025

a(1) = 0, a(n) = a(n-1) + sin(floor(sqrt(4n-7))*Pi/2). For a corresponding formula for the y-coordinate, replace sin with cos. - Seppo Mustonen, Aug 21 2010 with correction by Peter Kagey, Jan 24 2016

a(n) = A010751(A037458(n-1)) for n>1. - William McCarty, Jul 29 2021

Link corrected by Seppo Mustonen, Sep 05 2010

Definition clarified by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 20 2012

cp's OEIS Frontend

A379777 Array A(n, k), n, k >= 0, read by upward antidiagonals; for any v >= 0, the value appears twice in the array: in row A002262(v) and in row A002024(v+1); values in each row are given in strictly increasing order.

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A002260 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = k for n >= 1, k = 1..n.

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A003056 n appears n+1 times. Also the array A(n,k) = n+k (n >= 0, k >= 0) read by antidiagonals. Also inverse of triangular numbers.

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A004736 Triangle read by rows: row n lists the first n positive integers in decreasing order.

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A002024 k appears k times; a(n) = floor(sqrt(2n) + 1/2).

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