cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A000326 Pentagonal numbers: a(n) = n*(3*n-1)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, 92, 117, 145, 176, 210, 247, 287, 330, 376, 425, 477, 532, 590, 651, 715, 782, 852, 925, 1001, 1080, 1162, 1247, 1335, 1426, 1520, 1617, 1717, 1820, 1926, 2035, 2147, 2262, 2380, 2501, 2625, 2752, 2882, 3015, 3151
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

The average of the first n (n > 0) pentagonal numbers is the n-th triangular number. - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Apr 10 2003
a(n) is the sum of n integers starting from n, i.e., 1, 2 + 3, 3 + 4 + 5, 4 + 5 + 6 + 7, etc. - Jon Perry, Jan 15 2004
Partial sums of 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, ... (1 mod 3), a(2k) = k(6k-1), a(2k-1) = (2k-1)(3k-2). - Jon Perry, Sep 10 2004
Starting with offset 1 = binomial transform of [1, 4, 3, 0, 0, 0, ...]. Also, A004736 * [1, 3, 3, 3, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 25 2007
If Y is a 3-subset of an n-set X then, for n >= 4, a(n-3) is the number of 4-subsets of X having at least two elements in common with Y. - Milan Janjic, Nov 23 2007
Solutions to the duplication formula 2*a(n) = a(k) are given by the index pairs (n, k) = (5,7), (5577, 7887), (6435661, 9101399), etc. The indices are integer solutions to the pair of equations 2(6n-1)^2 = 1 + y^2, k = (1+y)/6, so these n can be generated from the subset of numbers [1+A001653(i)]/6, any i, where these are integers, confined to the cases where the associated k=[1+A002315(i)]/6 are also integers. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2008
a(n) is a binomial coefficient C(n,4) (A000332) if and only if n is a generalized pentagonal number (A001318). Also see A145920. - Matthew Vandermast, Oct 28 2008
Even octagonal numbers divided by 8. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 18 2011
Sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 5, ... and the line from 1, in the direction 1, 12, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized pentagonal numbers A001318. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 08 2011
The hyper-Wiener index of the star-tree with n edges (see A196060, example). - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 30 2011
More generally the n-th k-gonal number is equal to n + (k-2)*A000217(n-1), n >= 1, k >= 3. In this case k = 5. - Omar E. Pol, Apr 06 2013
Note that both Euler's pentagonal theorem for the partition numbers and Euler's pentagonal theorem for the sum of divisors refer more exactly to the generalized pentagonal numbers, not this sequence. For more information see A001318, A175003, A238442. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 01 2014
The Fuss-Catalan numbers are Cat(d,k)= [1/(k*(d-1)+1)]*binomial(k*d,k) and enumerate the number of (d+1)-gon partitions of a (k*(d-1)+2)-gon (cf. Schuetz and Whieldon link). a(n)= Cat(n,3), so enumerates the number of (n+1)-gon partitions of a (3*(n-1)+2)-gon. Analogous sequences are A100157 (k=4) and A234043 (k=5). - Tom Copeland, Oct 05 2014
Binomial transform of (0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, ...) (A169585 with offset 1) and second partial sum of (0, 1, 3, 3, 3, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 05 2015
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of compositions of n+8 into n parts avoiding parts 2 and 3. - Milan Janjic, Jan 07 2016
a(n) is also the number of edges in the Mycielskian of the complete graph K[n]. Indeed, K[n] has n vertices and n(n-1)/2 edges. Then its Mycielskian has n + 3n(n-1)/2 = n(3n-1)/2. See p. 205 of the West reference. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 04 2016
Sum of the numbers from n to 2n-1. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Dec 03 2016
Also the number of maximal cliques in the n-Andrásfai graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017
Coefficients in the hypergeometric series identity 1 - 5*(x - 1)/(2*x + 1) + 12*(x - 1)*(x - 2)/((2*x + 1)*(2*x + 2)) - 22*(x - 1)*(x - 2)*(x - 3)/((2*x + 1)*(2*x + 2)*(2*x + 3)) + ... = 0, valid for Re(x) > 1. Cf. A002412 and A002418. Column 2 of A103450. - Peter Bala, Mar 14 2019
A generalization of the Comment dated Apr 10 2003 follows. (k-3)*A000292(n-2) plus the average of the first n (2k-1)-gonal numbers is the n-th k-gonal number. - Charlie Marion, Nov 01 2020
a(n+1) is the number of Dyck paths of size (3,3n+1); i.e., the number of NE lattice paths from (0,0) to (3,3n+1) which stay above the line connecting these points. - Harry Richman, Jul 13 2021
a(n) is the largest sum of n positive integers x_1, ..., x_n such that x_i | x_(i+1)+1 for each 1 <= i <= n, where x_(n+1) = x_1. - Yifan Xie, Feb 21 2025

Examples

			Illustration of initial terms:
.
.                                       o
.                                     o o
.                          o        o o o
.                        o o      o o o o
.                o     o o o    o o o o o
.              o o   o o o o    o o o o o
.        o   o o o   o o o o    o o o o o
.      o o   o o o   o o o o    o o o o o
.  o   o o   o o o   o o o o    o o o o o
.
.  1    5     12       22           35
- _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 30 2013
		

References

  • Tom M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, pages 2 and 311.
  • Raymond Ayoub, An Introduction to the Analytic Theory of Numbers, Amer. Math. Soc., 1963; p. 129.
  • Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 189.
  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See pp. 38, 40.
  • E. Deza and M. M. Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing (2012), page 6.
  • L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 2, p. 1.
  • Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §8.6 Figurate Numbers, p. 291.
  • G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1954, p. 284.
  • Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 64.
  • Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, pages 52-53, 129-130, 132.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 7-10.
  • André Weil, Number theory: an approach through history; from Hammurapi to Legendre, Birkhäuser, Boston, 1984; see p. 186.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 98-100.
  • Douglas B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, NJ, 2001.

Crossrefs

The generalized pentagonal numbers b*n+3*n*(n-1)/2, for b = 1 through 12, form sequences A000326, A005449, A045943, A115067, A140090, A140091, A059845, A140672, A140673, A140674, A140675, A151542.
Cf. A001318 (generalized pentagonal numbers), A049452, A033570, A010815, A034856, A051340, A004736, A033568, A049453, A002411 (partial sums), A033579.
See A220083 for a list of numbers of the form n*P(s,n)-(n-1)*P(s,n-1), where P(s,n) is the n-th polygonal number with s sides.
Cf. A240137: sum of n consecutive cubes starting from n^3.
Cf. similar sequences listed in A022288.
Partial sums of A016777.

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..50],n->n*(3*n-1)/2); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 18 2019
    
  • Haskell
    a000326 n = n * (3 * n - 1) `div` 2  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 07 2012
    
  • Magma
    [n*(3*n-1)/2 : n in [0..100]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Oct 15 2015
    
  • Maple
    A000326 := n->n*(3*n-1)/2: seq(A000326(n), n=0..100);
    A000326:=-(1+2*z)/(z-1)**3; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
    a[0]:=0:a[1]:=1:for n from 2 to 50 do a[n]:=2*a[n-1]-a[n-2]+3 od: seq(a[n], n=0..50); # Miklos Kristof, Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 18 2008
  • Mathematica
    Table[n (3 n - 1)/2, {n, 0, 60}] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 01 2006 *)
    Array[# (3 # - 1)/2 &, 47, 0] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 10 2009 *)
    LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {0, 1, 5}, 61] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 27 2011 *)
    pentQ[n_] := IntegerQ[(1 + Sqrt[24 n + 1])/6]; pentQ[0] = True; Select[Range[0, 3200], pentQ@# &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 31 2014 *)
    Join[{0}, Accumulate[Range[1, 312, 3]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 26 2016 *)
    (* For Mathematica 10.4+ *) Table[PolygonalNumber[RegularPolygon[5], n], {n, 0, 46}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Aug 27 2016 *)
    CoefficientList[Series[x (-1 - 2 x)/(-1 + x)^3, {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017 *)
    PolygonalNumber[5, Range[0, 20]] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=n*(3*n-1)/2
    
  • PARI
    vector(100, n, n--; binomial(3*n, 2)/3) \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 06 2015
    
  • PARI
    is_a000326(n) = my(s); n==0 || (issquare (24*n+1, &s) && s%6==5); \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 03 2023
    
  • Python
    # Intended to compute the initial segment of the sequence, not isolated terms.
    def aList():
         x, y = 1, 1
         yield 0
         while True:
             yield x
             x, y = x + y + 3, y + 3
    A000326 = aList()
    print([next(A000326) for i in range(47)]) # Peter Luschny, Aug 04 2019

Formula

Product_{m > 0} (1 - q^m) = Sum_{k} (-1)^k*x^a(k). - Paul Barry, Jul 20 2003
G.f.: x*(1+2*x)/(1-x)^3.
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(x+3*x^2/2).
a(n) = n*(3*n-1)/2.
a(-n) = A005449(n).
a(n) = binomial(3*n, 2)/3. - Paul Barry, Jul 20 2003
a(n) = A000290(n) + A000217(n-1). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 07 2004
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1; for n >= 2, a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + 3. - Miklos Kristof, Mar 09 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (2*n - k). - Paul Barry, Aug 19 2005
a(n) = 3*A000217(n) - 2*n. - Lekraj Beedassy, Sep 26 2006
a(n) = A126890(n, n-1) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 30 2006
a(n) = A049452(n) - A022266(n) = A033991(n) - A005476(n). - Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 12 2007
Equals A034856(n) + (n - 1)^2. Also equals A051340 * [1,2,3,...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2007
a(n) = binomial(n+1, 2) + 2*binomial(n, 2).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3), a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, a(2) = 5. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Dec 02 2008
a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*n-2 with n > 0, a(0)=0. - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 20 2010
a(n) = A000217(n) + 2*A000217(n-1). - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 20 2010
a(n) = A014642(n)/8. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 18 2011
a(n) = A142150(n) + A191967(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 07 2012
a(n) = (A000290(n) + A000384(n))/2 = (A000217(n) + A000566(n))/2 = A049450(n)/2. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 11 2013
a(n) = n*A000217(n) - (n-1)*A000217(n-1). - Bruno Berselli, Jan 18 2013
a(n) = A005449(n) - n. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 30 2013
From Oskar Wieland, Apr 10 2013: (Start)
a(n) = a(n+1) - A016777(n),
a(n) = a(n+2) - A016969(n),
a(n) = a(n+3) - A016777(n)*3 = a(n+3) - A017197(n),
a(n) = a(n+4) - A016969(n)*2 = a(n+4) - A017641(n),
a(n) = a(n+5) - A016777(n)*5,
a(n) = a(n+6) - A016969(n)*3,
a(n) = a(n+7) - A016777(n)*7,
a(n) = a(n+8) - A016969(n)*4,
a(n) = a(n+9) - A016777(n)*9. (End)
a(n) = A000217(2n-1) - A000217(n-1), for n > 0. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Apr 17 2013
a(n) = A002411(n) - A002411(n-1). - J. M. Bergot, Jun 12 2013
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n! = 2.5*exp(1). - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 15 2013
a(n) = floor(n/(exp(2/(3*n)) - 1)), for n > 0. - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 27 2013
From Vladimir Shevelev, Jan 24 2014: (Start)
a(3*a(n) + 4*n + 1) = a(3*a(n) + 4*n) + a(3*n+1).
A generalization. Let {G_k(n)}_(n >= 0) be sequence of k-gonal numbers (k >= 3). Then the following identity holds: G_k((k-2)*G_k(n) + c(k-3)*n + 1) = G_k((k-2)*G_k(n) + c(k-3)*n) + G_k((k-2)*n + 1), where c = A000124. (End)
A242357(a(n)) = 1 for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 11 2014
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)= (1/3)*(9*log(3) - sqrt(3)*Pi). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Dec 02 2014. See the decimal expansion A244641.
a(n) = (A000292(6*n+k-1)-A000292(k))/(6*n-1)-A000217(3*n+k), for any k >= 0. - Manfred Arens, Apr 26 2015 [minor edits from Wolfdieter Lang, May 10 2015]
a(n) = A258708(3*n-1,1) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 23 2015
a(n) = A007584(n) - A245301(n-1), for n > 0. - Manfred Arens, Jan 31 2016
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 2*(sqrt(3)*Pi - 6*log(2))/3 = 0.85501000622865446... - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 28 2016
a(m+n) = a(m) + a(n) + 3*m*n. - Etienne Dupuis, Feb 16 2017
In general, let P(k,n) be the n-th k-gonal number. Then P(k,m+n) = P(k,m) + (k-2)mn + P(k,n). - Charlie Marion, Apr 16 2017
a(n) = A023855(2*n-1) - A023855(2*n-2). - Luc Rousseau, Feb 24 2018
a(n) = binomial(n,2) + n^2. - Pedro Caceres, Jul 28 2019
Product_{n>=2} (1 - 1/a(n)) = 3/5. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 21 2021
(n+1)*(a(n^2) + a(n^2+1) + ... + a(n^2+n)) = n*(a(n^2+n+1) + ... + a(n^2+2n)). - Charlie Marion, Apr 28 2024
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..3*n} (-1)^(n+k+1) * binomial(k, 2)*binomial(3*n+k-1, 2*k). - Peter Bala, Nov 04 2024

Extensions

Incorrect example removed by Joerg Arndt, Mar 11 2010

A000330 Square pyramidal numbers: a(n) = 0^2 + 1^2 + 2^2 + ... + n^2 = n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, 91, 140, 204, 285, 385, 506, 650, 819, 1015, 1240, 1496, 1785, 2109, 2470, 2870, 3311, 3795, 4324, 4900, 5525, 6201, 6930, 7714, 8555, 9455, 10416, 11440, 12529, 13685, 14910, 16206, 17575, 19019, 20540, 22140, 23821, 25585, 27434, 29370
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

The sequence contains exactly one square greater than 1, namely 4900 (according to Gardner). - Jud McCranie, Mar 19 2001, Mar 22 2007 [This is a result from Watson. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2013] [See A351830 for further related comments and references.]
Number of rhombi in an n X n rhombus. - Matti De Craene (Matti.DeCraene(AT)rug.ac.be), May 14 2000
Number of acute triangles made from the vertices of a regular n-polygon when n is odd (cf. A007290). - Sen-Peng Eu, Apr 05 2001
Gives number of squares with sides parallel to the axes formed from an n X n square. In a 1 X 1 square, one is formed. In a 2 X 2 square, five squares are formed. In a 3 X 3 square, 14 squares are formed and so on. - Kristie Smith (kristie10spud(AT)hotmail.com), Apr 16 2002; edited by Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 05 2025
a(n-1) = B_3(n)/3, where B_3(x) = x(x-1)(x-1/2) is the third Bernoulli polynomial. - Michael Somos, Mar 13 2004
Number of permutations avoiding 13-2 that contain the pattern 32-1 exactly once.
Since 3*r = (r+1) + r + (r-1) = T(r+1) - T(r-2), where T(r) = r-th triangular number r*(r+1)/2, we have 3*r^2 = r*(T(r+1) - T(r-2)) = f(r+1) - f(r-1) ... (i), where f(r) = (r-1)*T(r) = (r+1)*T(r-1). Summing over n, the right hand side of relation (i) telescopes to f(n+1) + f(n) = T(n)*((n+2) + (n-1)), whence the result Sum_{r=1..n} r^2 = n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6 immediately follows. - Lekraj Beedassy, Aug 06 2004
Also as a(n) = (1/6)*(2*n^3 + 3*n^2 + n), n > 0: structured trigonal diamond numbers (vertex structure 5) (cf. A006003 = alternate vertex; A000447 = structured diamonds; A100145 for more on structured numbers). - James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004
Number of triples of integers from {1, 2, ..., n} whose last component is greater than or equal to the others.
Kekulé numbers for certain benzenoids. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 12 2005
Sum of the first n positive squares. - Cino Hilliard, Jun 18 2007
Maximal number of cubes of side 1 in a right pyramid with a square base of side n and height n. - Pasquale CUTOLO (p.cutolo(AT)inwind.it), Jul 09 2007
If a 2-set Y and an (n-2)-set Z are disjoint subsets of an n-set X then a(n-3) is the number of 4-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Sep 19 2007
We also have the identity 1 + (1+4) + (1+4+9) + ... + (1+4+9+16+ ... + n^2) = n(n+1)(n+2)(n+(n+1)+(n+2))/36; ... and in general the k-fold nested sum of squares can be expressed as n(n+1)...(n+k)(n+(n+1)+...+(n+k))/((k+2)!(k+1)/2). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Nov 21 2007
The terms of this sequence are coefficients of the Engel expansion of the following converging sum: 1/(1^2) + (1/1^2)*(1/(1^2+2^2)) + (1/1^2)*(1/(1^2+2^2))*(1/(1^2+2^2+3^2)) + ... - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Dec 10 2007
Convolution of A000290 with A000012. - Sergio Falcon, Feb 05 2008
Hankel transform of binomial(2*n-3, n-1) is -a(n). - Paul Barry, Feb 12 2008
Starting (1, 5, 14, 30, ...) = binomial transform of [1, 4, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 13 2008
Starting (1,5,14,30,...) = second partial sums of binomial transform of [1,2,0,0,0,...]. a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n+2,i+2)*b(i), where b(i)=1,2,0,0,0,... - Borislav St. Borisov (b.st.borisov(AT)abv.bg), Mar 05 2009
Convolution of A001477 with A005408: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (2*k+1)*(n-k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 07 2009
Sequence of the absolute values of the z^1 coefficients of the polynomials in the GF1 denominators of A156921. See A157702 for background information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Mar 07 2009
The sequence is related to A000217 by a(n) = n*A000217(n) - Sum_{i=0..n-1} A000217(i) and this is the case d = 1 in the identity n^2*(d*n-d+2)/2 - Sum_{i=0..n-1} i*(d*i-d+2)/2 = n*(n+1)(2*d*n-2*d+3)/6, or also the case d = 0 in n^2*(n+2*d+1)/2 - Sum_{i=0..n-1} i*(i+2*d+1)/2 = n*(n+1)*(2*n+3*d+1)/6. - Bruno Berselli, Apr 21 2010, Apr 03 2012
a(n)/n = k^2 (k = integer) for n = 337; a(337) = 12814425, a(n)/n = 38025, k = 195, i.e., the number k = 195 is the quadratic mean (root mean square) of the first 337 positive integers. There are other such numbers -- see A084231 and A084232. - Jaroslav Krizek, May 23 2010
Also the number of moves to solve the "alternate coins game": given 2n+1 coins (n+1 Black, n White) set alternately in a row (BWBW...BWB) translate (not rotate) a pair of adjacent coins at a time (1 B and 1 W) so that at the end the arrangement shall be BBBBB..BW...WWWWW (Blacks separated by Whites). Isolated coins cannot be moved. - Carmine Suriano, Sep 10 2010
From J. M. Bergot, Aug 23 2011: (Start)
Using four consecutive numbers n, n+1, n+2, and n+3 take all possible pairs (n, n+1), (n, n+2), (n, n+3), (n+1, n+2), (n+1, n+3), (n+2, n+3) to create unreduced Pythagorean triangles. The sum of all six areas is 60*a(n+1).
Using three consecutive odd numbers j, k, m, (j+k+m)^3 - (j^3 + k^3 + m^3) equals 576*a(n) = 24^2*a(n) where n = (j+1)/2. (End)
From Ant King, Oct 17 2012: (Start)
For n > 0, the digital roots of this sequence A010888(a(n)) form the purely periodic 27-cycle {1, 5, 5, 3, 1, 1, 5, 6, 6, 7, 2, 2, 9, 7, 7, 2, 3, 3, 4, 8, 8, 6, 4, 4, 8, 9, 9}.
For n > 0, the units' digits of this sequence A010879(a(n)) form the purely periodic 20-cycle {1, 5, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 0, 9, 5, 0, 6, 5, 9, 0, 0}. (End)
Length of the Pisano period of this sequence mod n, n>=1: 1, 4, 9, 8, 5, 36, 7, 16, 27, 20, 11, 72, 13, 28, 45, 32, 17, 108, 19, 40, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Oct 17 2012
Sum of entries of n X n square matrix with elements min(i,j). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 16 2013
The number of intersections of diagonals in the interior of regular n-gon for odd n > 1 divided by n is a square pyramidal number; that is, A006561(2*n+1)/(2*n+1) = A000330(n-1) = (1/6)*n*(n-1)*(2*n-1). - Martin Renner, Mar 06 2013
For n > 1, a(n)/(2n+1) = A024702(m), for n such that 2n+1 = prime, which results in 2n+1 = A000040(m). For example, for n = 8, 2n+1 = 17 = A000040(7), a(8) = 204, 204/17 = 12 = A024702(7). - Richard R. Forberg, Aug 20 2013
A formula for the r-th successive summation of k^2, for k = 1 to n, is (2*n+r)*(n+r)!/((r+2)!*(n-1)!) (H. W. Gould). - Gary Detlefs, Jan 02 2014
The n-th square pyramidal number = the n-th triangular dipyramidal number (Johnson 12), which is the sum of the n-th + (n-1)-st tetrahedral numbers. E.g., the 3rd tetrahedral number is 10 = 1+3+6, the 2nd is 4 = 1+3. In triangular "dipyramidal form" these numbers can be written as 1+3+6+3+1 = 14. For "square pyramidal form", rebracket as 1+(1+3)+(3+6) = 14. - John F. Richardson, Mar 27 2014
Beukers and Top prove that no square pyramidal number > 1 equals a tetrahedral number A000292. - Jonathan Sondow, Jun 21 2014
Odd numbered entries are related to dissections of polygons through A100157. - Tom Copeland, Oct 05 2014
From Bui Quang Tuan, Apr 03 2015: (Start)
We construct a number triangle from the integers 1, 2, 3, ..., n as follows. The first column contains 2*n-1 integers 1. The second column contains 2*n-3 integers 2, ... The last column contains only one integer n. The sum of all the numbers in the triangle is a(n).
Here is an example with n = 5:
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1
(End)
The Catalan number series A000108(n+3), offset 0, gives Hankel transform revealing the square pyramidal numbers starting at 5, A000330(n+2), offset 0 (empirical observation). - Tony Foster III, Sep 05 2016; see Dougherty et al. link p. 2. - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 13 2016
Number of floating point additions in the factorization of an (n+1) X (n+1) real matrix by Gaussian elimination as e.g. implemented in LINPACK subroutines sgefa.f or dgefa.f. The number of multiplications is given by A007290. - Hugo Pfoertner, Mar 28 2018
The Jacobi polynomial P(n-1,-n+2,2,3) or equivalently the sum of dot products of vectors from the first n rows of Pascal's triangle (A007318) with the up-diagonal Chebyshev T coefficient vector (1,3,2,0,...) (A053120) or down-diagonal vector (1,-7,32,-120,400,...) (A001794). a(5) = 1 + (1,1).(1,3) + (1,2,1).(1,3,2) + (1,3,3,1).(1,3,2,0) + (1,4,6,4,1).(1,3,2,0,0) = (1 + (1,1).(1,-7) + (1,2,1).(1,-7,32) + (1,3,3,1).(1,-7,32,-120) + (1,4,6,4,1).(1,-7,32,-120,400))*(-1)^(n-1) = 55. - Richard Turk, Jul 03 2018
Coefficients in the terminating series identity 1 - 5*n/(n + 4) + 14*n*(n - 1)/((n + 4)*(n + 5)) - 30*n*(n - 1)*(n - 2)/((n + 4)*(n + 5)*(n + 6)) + ... = 0 for n = 1,2,3,.... Cf. A002415 and A108674. - Peter Bala, Feb 12 2019
n divides a(n) iff n == +- 1 (mod 6) (see A007310). (See De Koninck reference.) Examples: a(11) = 506 = 11 * 46, and a(13) = 819 = 13 * 63. - Bernard Schott, Jan 10 2020
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of ternary words of length n+2 having 3 letters equal to 2 and 0 only occurring as the last letter. For example, for n=2, the length 4 words are 2221,2212,2122,1222,2220. - Milan Janjic, Jan 28 2020
Conjecture: Every integer can be represented as a sum of three generalized square pyramidal numbers. A related conjecture is given in A336205 corresponding to pentagonal case. A stronger version of these conjectures is that every integer can be expressed as a sum of three generalized r-gonal pyramidal numbers for all r >= 3. In here "generalized" means negative indices are included. - Altug Alkan, Jul 30 2020
The natural number y is a term if and only if y = a(floor((3 * y)^(1/3))). - Robert Israel, Dec 04 2024
Also the number of directed bishop moves on an n X n chessboard, where two moves are considered the same if one can be obtained from the other by a rotation of the board. Reflections are ignored. Equivalently, number of directed bishop moves on an n X n chessboard, where two moves are considered the same if one can be obtained from the other by an axial reflection of the board (horizontal or vertical). Rotations and diagonal reflections are ignored. - Hilko Koning, Aug 22 2025

Examples

			G.f. = x + 5*x^2 + 14*x^3 + 30*x^4 + 55*x^5 + 91*x^6 + 140*x^7 + 204*x^8 + ...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 813.
  • A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover Publications, NY, 1964, p. 194.
  • A. T. Benjamin and J. J. Quinn, Proofs that really count: the art of combinatorial proof, M.A.A. 2003, id. 215,223.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 122, see #19 (3(1)), I(n); p. 155.
  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See pp. 47-49.
  • H. S. M. Coxeter, Polyhedral numbers, pp. 25-35 of R. S. Cohen, J. J. Stachel and M. W. Wartofsky, eds., For Dirk Struik: Scientific, historical and political essays in honor of Dirk J. Struik, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1974.
  • S. J. Cyvin and I. Gutman, Kekulé structures in benzenoid hydrocarbons, Lecture Notes in Chemistry, No. 46, Springer, New York, 1988 (p.165).
  • J. M. De Koninck and A. Mercier, 1001 Problèmes en Théorie Classique des Nombres, Problème 310, pp. 46-196, Ellipses, Paris, 2004.
  • E. Deza and M. M. Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing (2012), page 93.
  • L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 2, p. 2.
  • M. Gardner, Fractal Music, Hypercards and More, Freeman, NY, 1991, p. 293.
  • Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §8.6 Figurate Numbers, p. 293.
  • M. Holt, Math puzzles and games, Walker Publishing Company, 1977, p. 2 and p. 89.
  • Simon Singh, The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets. London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC (2013): 188.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987. See p. 126.

Crossrefs

Sums of 2 consecutive terms give A005900.
Column 0 of triangle A094414.
Column 1 of triangle A008955.
Right side of triangle A082652.
Row 2 of array A103438.
Partial sums of A000290.
Cf. similar sequences listed in A237616 and A254142.
Cf. |A084930(n, 1)|.
Cf. A253903 (characteristic function).
Cf. A034705 (differences of any two terms).

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..30], n-> n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 31 2019
  • Haskell
    a000330 n = n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1) `div` 6
    a000330_list = scanl1 (+) a000290_list
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 11 2012, Feb 03 2012
    
  • Magma
    [n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6: n in [0..50]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 28 2014
    
  • Magma
    [0] cat [((2*n+3)*Binomial(n+2,2))/3: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 30 2014
    
  • Maple
    A000330 := n -> n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6;
    a := n->(1/6)*n*(n+1)*(2*n+1): seq(a(n),n=0..53); # Emeric Deutsch
    with(combstruct): ZL:=[st, {st=Prod(left, right), left=Set(U, card=r), right=Set(U, card=r), U=Sequence(Z, card>=1)}, unlabeled]: subs(r=1, stack): seq(count(subs(r=2, ZL), size=m*2), m=1..45) ; # Zerinvary Lajos, Jan 02 2008
    nmax := 44; for n from 0 to nmax do fz(n) := product( (1-(2*m-1)*z)^(n+1-m) , m=1..n); c(n) := abs(coeff(fz(n),z,1)); end do: a := n-> c(n): seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Mar 07 2009
  • Mathematica
    Table[Binomial[w+2, 3] + Binomial[w+1, 3], {w, 0, 30}]
    CoefficientList[Series[x(1+x)/(1-x)^4, {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 30 2014 *)
    Accumulate[Range[0,50]^2] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 25 2014 *)
  • Maxima
    A000330(n):=binomial(n+2,3)+binomial(n+1,3)$
    makelist(A000330(n),n,0,20); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 12 2012 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = n * (n+1) * (2*n+1) / 6};
    
  • PARI
    upto(n) = [x*(x+1)*(2*x+1)/6 | x<-[0..n]] \\ Cino Hilliard, Jun 18 2007, edited by M. F. Hasler, Jan 02 2024
    
  • Python
    a=lambda n: (n*(n+1)*(2*n+1))//6 # Indranil Ghosh, Jan 04 2017
    
  • Sage
    [n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6 for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 31 2019
    

Formula

G.f.: x*(1+x)/(1-x)^4. - Simon Plouffe (in his 1992 dissertation: generating function for sequence starting at a(1))
E.g.f.: (x + 3*x^2/2 + x^3/3)*exp(x).
a(n) = n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6 = binomial(n+2, 3) + binomial(n+1, 3).
2*a(n) = A006331(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 11 1999
Can be extended to Z with a(n) = -a(-1-n) for all n in Z.
a(n) = A002492(n)/4. - Paul Barry, Jul 19 2003
a(n) = (((n+1)^4 - n^4) - ((n+1)^2 - n^2))/12. - Xavier Acloque, Oct 16 2003
From Alexander Adamchuk, Oct 26 2004: (Start)
a(n) = sqrt(A271535(n)).
a(n) = (Sum_{k=1..n} Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{i=1..n} (i*j*k)^2)^(1/3). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} i*(2*n-2*i+1); sum of squares gives 1 + (1+3) + (1+3+5) + ... - Jon Perry, Dec 08 2004
a(n+1) = A000217(n+1) + 2*A000292(n). - Creighton Dement, Mar 10 2005
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 6*(3-4*log(2)); Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)*1/a(n) = 6*(Pi-3). - Philippe Deléham, May 31 2005
Sum of two consecutive tetrahedral (or pyramidal) numbers a(n) = A000292(n-1) + A000292(n). - Alexander Adamchuk, May 17 2006
Euler transform of length-2 sequence [ 5, -1 ]. - Michael Somos, Sep 04 2006
a(n) = a(n-1) + n^2. - Rolf Pleisch, Jul 22 2007
a(n) = A132121(n,0). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 12 2007
a(n) = binomial(n, 2) + 2*binomial(n, 3). - Borislav St. Borisov (b.st.borisov(AT)abv.bg), Mar 05 2009, corrected by M. F. Hasler, Jan 02 2024
a(n) = A168559(n) + 1 for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 03 2012
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} J_2(i)*floor(n/i), where J_2 is A007434. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Feb 26 2012
a(n) = s(n+1, n)^2 - 2*s(n+1, n-1), where s(n, k) are Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, Apr 03 2012
a(n) = A001477(n) + A000217(n) + A007290(n+2) + 1. - J. M. Bergot, May 31 2012
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3) + 2. - Ant King, Oct 17 2012
a(n) = Sum_{i = 1..n} Sum_{j = 1..n} min(i,j). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 15 2013
a(n) = A000217(n) + A007290(n+1). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, May 10 2013
a(n) = (A047486(n+2)^3 - A047486(n+2))/24. - Richard R. Forberg, Dec 25 2013
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-1} (n-i)*(2*i+1), with a(0) = 0. After 0, row sums of the triangle in A101447. - Bruno Berselli, Feb 10 2014
a(n) = n + 1 + Sum_{i=1..n+1} (i^2 - 2i). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Feb 25 2014
a(n) = A000578(n+1) - A002412(n+1). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 28 2014
a(n) = Sum_{i = 1..n} Sum_{j = i..n} max(i,j). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Dec 03 2014
a(n) = A055112(n)/6, see Singh (2013). - Alonso del Arte, Feb 20 2015
For n >= 2, a(n) = A028347(n+1) + A101986(n-2). - Bui Quang Tuan, Apr 03 2015
For n > 0: a(n) = A258708(n+3,n-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 23 2015
a(n) = A175254(n) + A072481(n), n >= 1. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 12 2015
a(n) = A000332(n+3) - A000332(n+1). - Antal Pinter, Dec 27 2015
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-3)/3 + zeta(s-2)/2 + zeta(s-1)/6. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A080851(2,n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 28 2016
a(n) = (A005408(n) * A046092(n))/12 = (2*n+1)*(2*n*(n+1))/12. - Bruce J. Nicholson, May 18 2017
12*a(n) = (n+1)*A001105(n) + n*A001105(n+1). - Bruno Berselli, Jul 03 2017
a(n) = binomial(n-1, 1) + binomial(n-1, 2) + binomial(n, 3) + binomial(n+1, 2) + binomial(n+1, 3). - Tony Foster III, Aug 24 2018
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 6*a(n-2) + 4*a(n-3) - a(n-4). - Nathan Fox, Dec 04 2019
Let T(n) = A000217(n), the n-th triangular number. Then a(n) = (T(n)+1)^2 + (T(n)+2)^2 + ... + (T(n)+n)^2 - (n+2)*T(n)^2. - Charlie Marion, Dec 31 2019
a(n) = 2*n - 1 - a(n-2) + 2*a(n-1). - Boštjan Gec, Nov 09 2023
a(n) = 2/(2*n)! * Sum_{j = 1..n} (-1)^(n+j) * j^(2*n+2) * binomial(2*n, n-j). Cf. A060493. - Peter Bala, Mar 31 2025

Extensions

Partially edited by Joerg Arndt, Mar 11 2010

A213500 Rectangular array T(n,k): (row n) = b**c, where b(h) = h, c(h) = h + n - 1, n >= 1, h >= 1, and ** = convolution.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 2, 10, 7, 3, 20, 16, 10, 4, 35, 30, 22, 13, 5, 56, 50, 40, 28, 16, 6, 84, 77, 65, 50, 34, 19, 7, 120, 112, 98, 80, 60, 40, 22, 8, 165, 156, 140, 119, 95, 70, 46, 25, 9, 220, 210, 192, 168, 140, 110, 80, 52, 28, 10, 286, 275, 255, 228, 196, 161, 125, 90
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Clark Kimberling, Jun 14 2012

Keywords

Comments

Principal diagonal: A002412.
Antidiagonal sums: A002415.
Row 1: (1,2,3,...)**(1,2,3,...) = A000292.
Row 2: (1,2,3,...)**(2,3,4,...) = A005581.
Row 3: (1,2,3,...)**(3,4,5,...) = A006503.
Row 4: (1,2,3,...)**(4,5,6,...) = A060488.
Row 5: (1,2,3,...)**(5,6,7,...) = A096941.
Row 6: (1,2,3,...)**(6,7,8,...) = A096957.
...
In general, the convolution of two infinite sequences is defined from the convolution of two n-tuples: let X(n) = (x(1),...,x(n)) and Y(n)=(y(1),...,y(n)); then X(n)**Y(n) = x(1)*y(n)+x(2)*y(n-1)+...+x(n)*y(1); this sum is the n-th term in the convolution of infinite sequences:(x(1),...,x(n),...)**(y(1),...,y(n),...), for all n>=1.
...
In the following guide to related arrays and sequences, row n of each array T(n,k) is the convolution b**c of the sequences b(h) and c(h+n-1). The principal diagonal is given by T(n,n) and the n-th antidiagonal sum by S(n). In some cases, T(n,n) or S(n) differs in offset from the listed sequence.
b(h)........ c(h)........ T(n,k) .. T(n,n) .. S(n)
h .......... h .......... A213500 . A002412 . A002415
h .......... h^2 ........ A212891 . A213436 . A024166
h^2 ........ h .......... A213503 . A117066 . A033455
h^2 ........ h^2 ........ A213505 . A213546 . A213547
h .......... h*(h+1)/2 .. A213548 . A213549 . A051836
h*(h+1)/2 .. h .......... A213550 . A002418 . A005585
h*(h+1)/2 .. h*(h+1)/2 .. A213551 . A213552 . A051923
h .......... h^3 ........ A213553 . A213554 . A101089
h^3 ........ h .......... A213555 . A213556 . A213547
h^3 ........ h^3 ........ A213558 . A213559 . A213560
h^2 ........ h*(h+1)/2 .. A213561 . A213562 . A213563
h*(h+1)/2 .. h^2 ........ A213564 . A213565 . A101094
2^(h-1) .... h .......... A213568 . A213569 . A047520
2^(h-1) .... h^2 ........ A213573 . A213574 . A213575
h .......... Fibo(h) .... A213576 . A213577 . A213578
Fibo(h) .... h .......... A213579 . A213580 . A053808
Fibo(h) .... Fibo(h) .... A067418 . A027991 . A067988
Fibo(h+1) .. h .......... A213584 . A213585 . A213586
Fibo(n+1) .. Fibo(h+1) .. A213587 . A213588 . A213589
h^2 ........ Fibo(h) .... A213590 . A213504 . A213557
Fibo(h) .... h^2 ........ A213566 . A213567 . A213570
h .......... -1+2^h ..... A213571 . A213572 . A213581
-1+2^h ..... h .......... A213582 . A213583 . A156928
-1+2^h ..... -1+2^h ..... A213747 . A213748 . A213749
h .......... 2*h-1 ...... A213750 . A007585 . A002417
2*h-1 ...... h .......... A213751 . A051662 . A006325
2*h-1 ...... 2*h-1 ...... A213752 . A100157 . A071238
2*h-1 ...... -1+2^h ..... A213753 . A213754 . A213755
-1+2^h ..... 2*h-1 ...... A213756 . A213757 . A213758
2^(n-1) .... 2*h-1 ...... A213762 . A213763 . A213764
2*h-1 ...... Fibo(h) .... A213765 . A213766 . A213767
Fibo(h) .... 2*h-1 ...... A213768 . A213769 . A213770
Fibo(h+1) .. 2*h-1 ...... A213774 . A213775 . A213776
Fibo(h) .... Fibo(h+1) .. A213777 . A001870 . A152881
h .......... 1+[h/2] .... A213778 . A213779 . A213780
1+[h/2] .... h .......... A213781 . A213782 . A005712
1+[h/2] .... [(h+1)/2] .. A213783 . A213759 . A213760
h .......... 3*h-2 ...... A213761 . A172073 . A002419
3*h-2 ...... h .......... A213771 . A213772 . A132117
3*h-2 ...... 3*h-2 ...... A213773 . A214092 . A213818
h .......... 3*h-1 ...... A213819 . A213820 . A153978
3*h-1 ...... h .......... A213821 . A033431 . A176060
3*h-1 ...... 3*h-1 ...... A213822 . A213823 . A213824
3*h-1 ...... 3*h-2 ...... A213825 . A213826 . A213827
3*h-2 ...... 3*h-1 ...... A213828 . A213829 . A213830
2*h-1 ...... 3*h-2 ...... A213831 . A213832 . A212560
3*h-2 ...... 2*h-1 ...... A213833 . A130748 . A213834
h .......... 4*h-3 ...... A213835 . A172078 . A051797
4*h-3 ...... h .......... A213836 . A213837 . A071238
4*h-3 ...... 2*h-1 ...... A213838 . A213839 . A213840
2*h-1 ...... 4*h-3 ...... A213841 . A213842 . A213843
2*h-1 ...... 4*h-1 ...... A213844 . A213845 . A213846
4*h-1 ...... 2*h-1 ...... A213847 . A213848 . A180324
[(h+1)/2] .. [(h+1)/2] .. A213849 . A049778 . A213850
h .......... C(2*h-2,h-1) A213853
...
Suppose that u = (u(n)) and v = (v(n)) are sequences having generating functions U(x) and V(x), respectively. Then the convolution u**v has generating function U(x)*V(x). Accordingly, if u and v are homogeneous linear recurrence sequences, then every row of the convolution array T satisfies the same homogeneous linear recurrence equation, which can be easily obtained from the denominator of U(x)*V(x). Also, every column of T has the same homogeneous linear recurrence as v.

Examples

			Northwest corner (the array is read by southwest falling antidiagonals):
  1,  4, 10, 20,  35,  56,  84, ...
  2,  7, 16, 30,  50,  77, 112, ...
  3, 10, 22, 40,  65,  98, 140, ...
  4, 13, 28, 50,  80, 119, 168, ...
  5, 16, 34, 60,  95, 140, 196, ...
  6, 19, 40, 70, 110, 161, 224, ...
T(6,1) = (1)**(6) = 6;
T(6,2) = (1,2)**(6,7) = 1*7+2*6 = 19;
T(6,3) = (1,2,3)**(6,7,8) = 1*8+2*7+3*6 = 40.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000027.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    b[n_] := n; c[n_] := n
    t[n_, k_] := Sum[b[k - i] c[n + i], {i, 0, k - 1}]
    TableForm[Table[t[n, k], {n, 1, 10}, {k, 1, 10}]]
    Flatten[Table[t[n - k + 1, k], {n, 12}, {k, n, 1, -1}]]
    r[n_] := Table[t[n, k], {k, 1, 60}]  (* A213500 *)
  • PARI
    t(n,k) = sum(i=0, k - 1, (k - i) * (n + i));
    tabl(nn) = {for(n=1, nn, for(k=1, n, print1(t(k,n - k + 1),", ");); print(););};
    tabl(12) \\ Indranil Ghosh, Mar 26 2017
    
  • Python
    def t(n, k): return sum((k - i) * (n + i) for i in range(k))
    for n in range(1, 13):
        print([t(k, n - k + 1) for k in range(1, n + 1)]) # Indranil Ghosh, Mar 26 2017

Formula

T(n,k) = 4*T(n,k-1) - 6*T(n,k-2) + 4*T(n,k-3) - T(n,k-4).
T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) - T(n-2,k).
G.f. for row n: x*(n - (n - 1)*x)/(1 - x)^4.

A000447 a(n) = 1^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 + 7^2 + ... + (2*n-1)^2 = n*(4*n^2 - 1)/3.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 10, 35, 84, 165, 286, 455, 680, 969, 1330, 1771, 2300, 2925, 3654, 4495, 5456, 6545, 7770, 9139, 10660, 12341, 14190, 16215, 18424, 20825, 23426, 26235, 29260, 32509, 35990, 39711, 43680, 47905, 52394, 57155, 62196, 67525, 73150, 79079, 85320, 91881, 98770, 105995, 113564, 121485
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

4 times the variance of the area under an n-step random walk: e.g., with three steps, the area can be 9/2, 7/2, 3/2, 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, -7/2, or -9/2 each with probability 1/8, giving a variance of 35/4 or a(3)/4. - Henry Bottomley, Jul 14 2003
Number of standard tableaux of shape (2n-1,1,1,1) (n>=1). - Emeric Deutsch, May 30 2004
Also a(n) = (1/6)*(8*n^3-2*n), n>0: structured octagonal diamond numbers (vertex structure 9). Cf. A059722 = alternate vertex; A000447 = structured diamonds; and structured tetragonal anti-diamond numbers (vertex structure 9). Cf. A096000 = alternate vertex; A100188 = structured anti-diamonds. Cf. A100145 for more on structured numbers. - James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004
The n-th tetrahedral (or pyramidal) number is n(n+1)(n+2)/6. This sequence contains the tetrahedral numbers of A000292 obtained for n= 1,3,5,7,... (see A015219). - Valentin Bakoev, Mar 03 2009
Using three consecutive numbers u, v, w, (u+v+w)^3-(u^3+v^3+w^3) equals 18 times the numbers in this sequence. - J. M. Bergot, Aug 24 2011
This sequence is related to A070893 by A070893(2*n-1) = n*a(n)-sum(i=0..n-1, a(i)). - Bruno Berselli, Aug 26 2011
Number of integer solutions to 1-n <= x <= y <= z <= n-1. - Michael Somos, Dec 27 2011
Partial sums of A016754. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 02 2012
Also the number of cubes in the n-th Haüy square pyramid. - Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 27 2017

Examples

			G.f. = x + 10*x^2 + 35*x^3 + 84*x^4 + 165*x^5 + 286*x^6 + 455*x^7 + 680*x^8 + ...
a(2) = 10 since (-1, -1, -1), (-1, -1, 0), (-1, -1, 1), (-1, 0, 0), (-1, 0, 1), (-1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1) are the 10 solutions (x, y, z) of -1 <= x <= y <= z <= 1.
a(0) = 0, which corresponds to the empty sum.
		

References

  • G. Chrystal, Textbook of Algebra, Vol. 1, A. & C. Black, 1886, Chap. XX, Sect. 10, Example 2.
  • F. E. Croxton and D. J. Cowden, Applied General Statistics. 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1955, p. 742.
  • E. Deza and M. M. Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing (2012), page 140.
  • C. V. Durell, Advanced Algebra, Volume 1, G. Bell & Son, 1932, Exercise IIIe, No. 4.
  • L. B. W. Jolley, Summation of Series. 2nd ed., Dover, NY, 1961, p. 7.
  • J. Riordan, Combinatorial Identities, Wiley, 1968, p. 217.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

(1/12)*t*(n^3-n)+n for t = 2, 4, 6, ... gives A004006, A006527, A006003, A005900, A004068, A000578, A004126, A000447, A004188, A004466, A004467, A007588, A062025, A063521, A063522, A063523.
Column 1 in triangles A008956 and A008958.
A000447 is related to partitions of 2^n into powers of 2, as it is shown in the formula, example and cross-references of A002577. - Valentin Bakoev, Mar 03 2009

Programs

Formula

a(n) = binomial(2*n+1, 3) = A000292(2*n-1).
G.f.: x*(1+6*x+x^2)/(1-x)^4.
a(n) = -a(-n) for all n in Z.
a(n) = A000330(2*n)-4*A000330(n) = A000466(n)*n/3 = A000578(n)+A007290(n-2) = A000583(n)-2*A024196(n-1) = A035328(n)/3. - Henry Bottomley, Jul 14 2003
a(n+1) = (2*n+1)*(2*n+2)(2*n+3)/6. - Valentin Bakoev, Mar 03 2009
a(0)=0, a(1)=1, a(2)=10, a(3)=35, a(n)=4*a(n-1)-6*a(n-2)+4*a(n-3)-a(n-4). - Harvey P. Dale, May 25 2012
a(n) = v(n,n-1), where v(n,k) is the central factorial numbers of the first kind with odd indices. - Mircea Merca, Jan 25 2014
a(n) = A005917(n+1) - A100157(n+1), where A005917 are the rhombic dodecahedral numbers and A100157 are the structured rhombic dodecahedral numbers (vertex structure 9). - Peter M. Chema, Jan 09 2016
For any nonnegative integers m and n, 8*(n^3)*a(m) + 2*m*a(n) = a(2*m*n). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Mar 04 2017
E.g.f.: exp(x)*x*(1 + 4*x + (4/3)*x^2). - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 11 2017
a(n) = A002412(n) + A016061(n-1), for n>0. - Bruce J. Nicholson, Nov 12 2017
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 04 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 6*log(2) - 3.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 3 - 3*log(2). (End)

Extensions

Chrystal and Durell references from R. K. Guy, Apr 02 2004

A100145 Structured great rhombicosidodecahedral numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 120, 579, 1600, 3405, 6216, 10255, 15744, 22905, 31960, 43131, 56640, 72709, 91560, 113415, 138496, 167025, 199224, 235315, 275520, 320061, 369160, 423039, 481920, 546025, 615576, 690795, 771904, 859125, 952680, 1052791, 1159680
Offset: 1

Views

Author

James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004

Keywords

Comments

Structured polyhedral numbers are a type of figurate polyhedral numbers. Structurate polyhedra differ from regular figurate polyhedra by having appropriate figurate polygonal faces at any iteration, i.e., a regular truncated octahedron, n=2, would have 7 points on its hexagonal faces, whereas a structured truncated octahedron, n=2, would have 6 points - just as a hexagon, n=2, would have. Like regular figurate polygons, structured polyhedra seem to originate at a vertex and since many polyhedra have different vertices (a pentagonal diamond has 2 "polar" vertices with 5 adjacent vertices and 5 "equatorial" vertices with 4 adjacent vertices), these polyhedra have multiple structured number sequences, dependent on the "vertex structures" which are each equal to the one vertex itself plus its adjacent vertices. For polystructurate polyhedra the notation, structured polyhedra (vertex structure x) is used to differentiate between alternate vertices, where VS stands for vertex structure.

Crossrefs

Cf. A051673, A100146 through A100156 - structured Archimedean solids; A100157 through A100175 - structured Catalan solids; A100147 - structured prisms; A000447 - structured diamonds; A100185 - structured anti-prisms; and A100188 - structured anti-diamonds.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = (1/6)*(222*n^3 - 312*n^2 + 96*n).
From Jaume Oliver Lafont, Sep 08 2009: (Start)
a(n) = (1+(n-1))*(1+22*(n-1)+37*(n-1)^2);
G.f.: x*(1+116*x+105*x^2)/(1-x)^4. (End)
E.g.f.: exp(x)*x*(1 + 59*x + 37*x^2). - Stefano Spezia, Jun 06 2025

Extensions

Corrected by T. D. Noe, Oct 25 2006

A005915 Hexagonal prism numbers: a(n) = (n + 1)*(3*n^2 + 3*n + 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 14, 57, 148, 305, 546, 889, 1352, 1953, 2710, 3641, 4764, 6097, 7658, 9465, 11536, 13889, 16542, 19513, 22820, 26481, 30514, 34937, 39768, 45025, 50726, 56889, 63532, 70673, 78330, 86521, 95264, 104577, 114478, 124985, 136116, 147889, 160322, 173433, 187240
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Also as a(n) = (1/6)*(18*n^3 - 18*n^2 + 6*n), n>0: structured rhombic dodecahedral numbers (vertex structure 7) (A100157 = alternate vertex); structured tetrakis hexahedral numbers (vertex structure 7) (Cf. A100174 = alternate vertex); and structured hexagonal anti-diamond numbers (vertex structure 7) (Cf. A007588 = alternate vertex) (Cf. A100188 = structured anti-diamonds). Cf. A100145 for more on structured polyhedral numbers. - James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004
a(n) is the number of 4-tuples (w,x,y,z) with all terms in {0,...,n} and w=x or x=y or y=z. - Clark Kimberling, May 31 2012

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • B. K. Teo and N. J. A. Sloane, Magic numbers in polygonal and polyhedral clusters, Inorgan. Chem. 24 (1985), pp. 4545-4558.

Crossrefs

Cf. A143804.
Cf. A260260 (comment). - Bruno Berselli, Jul 22 2015

Programs

  • Magma
    [(n + 1)*(3*n^2 + 3*n + 1): n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 16 2011
    
  • Maple
    A005915:=(1+10*z+7*z**2)/(z-1)**4; # Conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
  • Mathematica
    Table[(n+1)(3n^2+3n+1),{n,0,50}]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 31 2011 *)
    LinearRecurrence[{4,-6,4,-1},{1,14,57,148},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 25 2011 *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = (n + 1)*(3*n^2 + 3*n + 1);

Formula

a(n) = (n+1)^3 + 6*(n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6). - Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de)
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 6*a(n-2) + 4*a(n-3) - a(n-4); a(0)=1, a(1)=14, a(2)=57, a(3)=148. - Harvey P. Dale, Jun 25 2011
G.f.: (1+10*x+7*x^2)/(1-x)^4. - Harvey P. Dale, Jun 25 2011
Equals row sums of triangle A143804 and binomial transform of [1, 13, 30, 18, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 01 2008
2*a(n+1) = A213829(n). - Clark Kimberling, Jul 04 2012
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(1 + x)*(1 + 12*x + 3*x^2). - Elmo R. Oliveira, Aug 04 2025

Extensions

More terms from James Sellers, Dec 24 1999

A102083 a(n) = 8*n^2 + 4*n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 13, 41, 85, 145, 221, 313, 421, 545, 685, 841, 1013, 1201, 1405, 1625, 1861, 2113, 2381, 2665, 2965, 3281, 3613, 3961, 4325, 4705, 5101, 5513, 5941, 6385, 6845, 7321, 7813, 8321, 8845, 9385, 9941, 10513, 11101, 11705, 12325, 12961, 13613, 14281, 14965, 15665
Offset: 0

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 14 2005

Keywords

Comments

If Y and Z are 2-blocks of a 2n-set X then, for n>=2, a(n-2) is the number of 4-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Nov 18 2007
Equals binomial transform of [1, 12, 16, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2008
Sequence found by reading the line from 1, in the direction 1, 13, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the triangular numbers A000217. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 05 2011
First differences of A100157. - John Molokach, Jul 10 2013

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

G.f.: (1+10*x+5*x^2)/(1-x)^3. - Paul Barry, Jun 04 2005
a(n) = 4*(4*n-1)+a(n-1) (with a(0)=1). - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 16 2010
E.g.f.: (8*x^2 + 12*x + 1)*exp(x). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 14 2017

A100185 Structured meta-anti-prism numbers, the n-th number from a structured n-gonal anti-prism number sequence.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 19, 68, 185, 416, 819, 1464, 2433, 3820, 5731, 8284, 11609, 15848, 21155, 27696, 35649, 45204, 56563, 69940, 85561, 103664, 124499, 148328, 175425, 206076, 240579, 279244, 322393, 370360, 423491, 482144
Offset: 1

Views

Author

James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com)

Keywords

Examples

			There are no 1- or 2-gonal anti-prisms, so 1 and (2n) are used as the first and second terms since all the sequences begin as such.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A005900, A000447, A096000, A100178, A100157, A100185 - structured anti-prisms; A006484 for other structured meta numbers; and A100145 for more on structured numbers.

Programs

  • Magma
    [(1/6)*(3*n^4-8*n^3+9*n^2+2*n): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 03 2011

Formula

a(n) = (1/6)*(3*n^4 - 8*n^3 + 9*n^2 + 2*n).
G.f.: x*(1 - x + 9*x^2 + 3*x^3)/(1-x)^5. [Colin Barker, Jun 08 2012]

A234043 a(n) = binomial(5*(n+1),4)/5, with n >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 42, 273, 969, 2530, 5481, 10472, 18278, 29799, 46060, 68211, 97527, 135408, 183379, 243090, 316316, 404957, 511038, 636709, 784245, 956046, 1154637, 1382668, 1642914, 1938275, 2271776, 2646567, 3065923, 3533244, 4052055, 4626006, 5258872, 5954553, 6717074
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 24 2014

Keywords

Comments

Used as one of the 5-section parts of A234042.
The Fuss-Catalan numbers are Cat(d,k) = (1/(k*(d-1)+1))*binomial(k*d,k) and enumerate the (d+1)-gon partitions of a (k*(d-1)+2)-gon (cf. Whieldon and Schuetz link). a(n) = Cat(n,5) (Offset=1), so enumerates the (n+1)-gon partitions of a (5*(n-1)+2)-gon. Analogous series are A000326 (k=3) and A100157 (k=4). - Tom Copeland, Oct 05 2014

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    [Binomial(5*(n+1),4)/5: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 26 2014
  • Mathematica
    CoefficientList[Series[(1 + 37 x + 73 x^2 + 14 x^3)/(1 - x)^5, {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 26 2014 *)

Formula

G.f: (1 + 37*x + 73*x^2 + 14*x^3)/(1-x)^5.
a(n) = A234042(5*n+1) for n >= 0.
a(n) = (n+1)*(5*n+2)*(5*n+3)*(5*n+4)/24.
From Amiram Eldar, Sep 20 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 10*sqrt(5)*log(phi) + 5*log(5) - 2*sqrt(25-38/sqrt(5))*Pi, where phi is the golden ratio (A001622).
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 4*sqrt(5)*log(phi) + 2*sqrt(26-38/sqrt(5))*Pi - 32*log(2). (End)

A253004 T(n,k) = Number of n X k nonnegative integer arrays with upper left 0 and lower right its king-move distance away minus 3 and every value within 3 of its king move distance from the upper left and every value increasing by 0 or 1 with every step right, diagonally se or down.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 10, 14, 1, 1, 14, 10, 20, 55, 34, 1, 34, 55, 20, 35, 140, 279, 69, 69, 279, 140, 35, 56, 285, 1028, 1132, 69, 1132, 1028, 285, 56, 84, 506, 2601, 7235, 3072, 3072, 7235, 2601, 506, 84, 120, 819, 5318, 25233, 39758, 3072
Offset: 1

Views

Author

R. H. Hardin, Dec 25 2014

Keywords

Examples

			Table starts:
..0...0....0......1.......4.......10........20.........35.........56.........84
..0...0....0......1......14.......55.......140........285........506........819
..0...0....0......1......34......279......1028.......2601.......5318.......9499
..1...1....1......1......69.....1132......7235......25233......63135.....129133
..4..14...34.....69......69.....3072.....39758.....228484.....775433....1932763
.10..55..279...1132....3072.....3072....122833....1486152....8270017...27983105
.20.140.1028...7235...39758...122833....122833....4915726...59154789..329035981
.35.285.2601..25233..228484..1486152...4915726....4915726..204051186.2492354946
.56.506.5318..63135..775433..8270017..59154789..204051186..204051186.8849413857
.84.819.9499.129133.1932763.27983105.329035981.2492354946.8849413857.8849413857
Some solutions for n=6 and k=4:
..0..0..1..2....0..0..1..2....0..0..1..2....0..0..1..1....0..0..1..1
..0..0..1..2....1..1..1..2....0..0..1..2....0..0..1..1....0..1..1..1
..1..1..1..2....1..1..2..2....0..0..1..2....0..1..1..2....1..1..1..1
..1..1..2..2....2..2..2..2....0..1..1..2....1..1..1..2....1..1..1..2
..2..2..2..2....2..2..2..2....1..1..1..2....1..1..1..2....1..2..2..2
..2..2..2..2....2..2..2..2....2..2..2..2....2..2..2..2....2..2..2..2
		

Crossrefs

Column 1 is A000292(n-3).
Column 2 is A100157(n-3).

Formula

Empirical for column k:
k=1: a(n) = (1/6)*n^3 - 1*n^2 + (11/6)*n - 1.
k=2: a(n) = (8/3)*n^3 - 26*n^2 + (253/3)*n - 91 for n>2.
k=3: a(n) = (160/3)*n^3 - 708*n^2 + (9539/3)*n - 4831 for n>4.
k=4: a(n) = (4096/3)*n^3 - 22816*n^2 + (388490/3)*n - 249567 for n>6.
k=5: a(n) = (133120/3)*n^3 - 893616*n^2 + (18332582/3)*n - 14187577 for n>8.
k=6: a(n) = (5242880/3)*n^3 - 41275392*n^2 + (991610656/3)*n - 897487301 for n>10.
k=7: a(n) = (235012096/3)*n^3 - 2126491008*n^2 + (58625640404/3)*n - 60801081325 for n>12.
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