cp's OEIS Frontend

a(n) is the number of 'swinging orbitals' which are enumerated by the trinomial n over [floor(n/2), n mod 2, floor(n/2)].

Similar to but different from A001405(n) = binomial(n, floor(n/2)), a(n) = lcm(A001405(n-1), A001405(n)) (for n>0).

A055773(n) divides a(n), A001316(floor(n/2)) divides a(n).

Exactly p consecutive multiples of p follow the least positive multiple of p if p is an odd prime. Compare with the similar property of A100071. - Peter Luschny, Aug 27 2012

a(n) is the number of vertices of the polytope resulting from the intersection of an n-hypercube with the hyperplane perpendicular to and bisecting one of its long diagonals. - Didier Guillet, Jun 11 2018 [Edited by Peter Munn, Dec 06 2022]

T(n,k) is the number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,n) with steps E = (1,0) and N = (0,1) which touch but do not cross the line x - y = k and only situated above this line; example: T(3,2) = 5 because we have EENNNE, EENNEN, EENENN, ENEENN, NEEENN. - Philippe Deléham, May 23 2005

The matrix inverse of this triangle is the triangular matrix T(n,k) = (-1)^(n+k)* A085478(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, May 26 2005

Essentially the same as A050155 except with a leading diagonal A000108 (Catalan numbers) 1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, .... - Philippe Deléham, May 31 2005

Number of Grand Dyck paths of semilength n and having k downward returns to the x-axis. (A Grand Dyck path of semilength n is a path in the half-plane x>=0, starting at (0,0), ending at (2n,0) and consisting of steps u=(1,1) and d=(1,-1)). Example: T(3,2)=5 because we have u(d)uud(d),uud(d)u(d),u(d)u(d)du,u(d)duu(d) and duu(d)u(d) (the downward returns to the x-axis are shown between parentheses). - Emeric Deutsch, May 06 2006

Riordan array (c(x),x*c(x)^2) where c(x) is the g.f. of A000108; inverse array is (1/(1+x),x/(1+x)^2). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 12 2007

The triangle may also be generated from M^n*[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...], where M is the infinite tridiagonal matrix with all 1's in the super and subdiagonals and [1,2,2,2,2,2,2,...] in the main diagonal. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 26 2007

Inverse binomial matrix applied to A124733. Binomial matrix applied to A089942. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 26 2007

Number of standard tableaux of shape (n+k,n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 22 2007

From Philippe Deléham, Mar 30 2007: (Start)

This triangle belongs to the family of triangles defined by: T(0,0)=1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n, T(n,0)=x*T(n-1,0)+T(n-1,1), T(n,k)=T(n-1,k-1)+y*T(n-1,k)+T(n-1,k+1) for k>=1. Other triangles arise by choosing different values for (x,y):

(0,0) -> A053121; (0,1) -> A089942; (0,2) -> A126093; (0,3) -> A126970

(1,0) -> A061554; (1,1) -> A064189; (1,2) -> A039599; (1,3) -> A110877;

(1,4) -> A124576; (2,0) -> A126075; (2,1) -> A038622; (2,2) -> A039598;

(2,3) -> A124733; (2,4) -> A124575; (3,0) -> A126953; (3,1) -> A126954;

(3,2) -> A111418; (3,3) -> A091965; (3,4) -> A124574; (4,3) -> A126791;

(4,4) -> A052179; (4,5) -> A126331; (5,5) -> A125906. (End)

The table U(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} T(n,j)*k^j is given in A098474. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 29 2007

Sequence read mod 2 gives A127872. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 12 2007

Number of 2n step walks from (0,0) to (2n,2k) and consisting of step u=(1,1) and d=(1,-1) and the path stays in the nonnegative quadrant. Example: T(3,0)=5 because we have uuuddd, uududd, ududud, uduudd, uuddud; T(3,1)=9 because we have uuuudd, uuuddu, uuudud, ududuu, uuduud, uduudu, uudduu, uduuud, uududu; T(3,2)=5 because we have uuuuud, uuuudu, uuuduu, uuduuu, uduuuu; T(3,3)=1 because we have uuuuuu. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 16 2007, Apr 17 2007, Apr 18 2007

Triangular matrix, read by rows, equal to the matrix inverse of triangle A129818. - Philippe Deléham, Jun 19 2007

Let Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n = (1+x)/(1-mx+x^2) = o.g.f. of A_m, then Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*a(k) = (m+2)^n. Related expansions of A_m are: A099493, A033999, A057078, A057077, A057079, A005408, A002878, A001834, A030221, A002315, A033890, A057080, A057081, A054320, A097783, A077416, A126866, A028230, A161591, for m=-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 16 2009

The Kn11, Kn12, Fi1 and Fi2 triangle sums link the triangle given above with three sequences; see the crossrefs. For the definitions of these triangle sums, see A180662. - Johannes W. Meijer, Apr 20 2011

4^n = (n-th row terms) dot (first n+1 odd integer terms). Example: 4^4 = 256 = (14, 28, 20, 7, 1) dot (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) = (14 + 84 + 100 + 49 + 9) = 256. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 13 2011

The linear system of n equations with coefficients defined by the first n rows solve for diagonal lengths of regular polygons with N= 2n+1 edges; the constants c^0, c^1, c^2, ... are on the right hand side, where c = 2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/N). Example: take the first 4 rows relating to the 9-gon (nonagon), N = 2*4 + 1; with c = 2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/9) = 3.5320888.... The equations are (1,0,0,0) = 1; (1,1,0,0) = c; (2,3,1,0) = c^2; (5,9,5,1) = c^3. The solutions are 1, 2.53208..., 2.87938..., and 1.87938...; the four distinct diagonal lengths of the 9-gon (nonagon) with edge = 1. (Cf. comment in A089942 which uses the analogous operations but with c = 1 + 2*cos(2*Pi/9).) - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 21 2011

Also called the Lobb numbers, after Andrew Lobb, are a natural generalization of the Catalan numbers, given by L(m,n)=(2m+1)*Binomial(2n,m+n)/(m+n+1), where n >= m >= 0. For m=0, we get the n-th Catalan number. See added reference. - Jayanta Basu, Apr 30 2013

From Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 20 2013: (Start)

T(n, k) = A053121(2*n, 2*k). T(n, k) appears in the formula for the (2*n)-th power of the algebraic number rho(N):= 2*cos(Pi/N) = R(N, 2) in terms of the odd-indexed diagonal/side length ratios R(N, 2*k+1) = S(2*k, rho(N)) in the regular N-gon inscribed in the unit circle (length unit 1). S(n, x) are Chebyshev's S polynomials (see A049310):

rho(N)^(2*n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*R(N, 2*k+1), n >= 0, identical in N > = 1. For a proof see the Sep 21 2013 comment under A053121. Note that this is the unreduced version if R(N, j) with j > delta(N), the degree of the algebraic number rho(N) (see A055034), appears.

For the odd powers of rho(n) see A039598. (End)

Unsigned coefficients of polynomial numerators of Eqn. 2.1 of the Chakravarty and Kodama paper, defining the polynomials of A067311. - Tom Copeland, May 26 2016

The triangle is the Riordan square of the Catalan numbers in the sense of A321620. - Peter Luschny, Feb 14 2023

The expression a(n) = B^n*Sum_{ k=0..n } binomial(2*k,k)/B^k gives A006134 for B=1, A082590 (B=2), A132310 (B=3), A002457 (B=4), A144635 (B=5). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 21 2009

T(n+1,1) from table A045912 of characteristic polynomial of negative Pascal matrix. - Michael Somos, Jul 24 2002

p divides a((p-3)/2) for p=11, 13, 23, 37, 47, 59, 61, 71, 73, 83, 97, 107, 109, 131, 157, 167, ...: A097933. Also primes congruent to {1, 2, 3, 11} mod 12 or primes p such that 3 is a square mod p (excluding 2 and 3) A038874. - Alexander Adamchuk, Jul 05 2006

Partial sums of the even central binomial coefficients. For p prime >=5, a(p-1) = 1 or -1 (mod p) according as p = 1 or -1 (mod 3) (see Pan and Sun link). - David Callan, Nov 29 2007

First column of triangle A187887. - Michel Marcus, Jun 23 2013

From Gus Wiseman, Apr 20 2023: (Start)

Also the number of nonempty subsets of {1,...,2n+1} with median n+1, where the median of a multiset is either the middle part (for odd length), or the average of the two middle parts (for even length). The odd/even-length cases are A000984 and A006134(n-1). For example, the a(0) = 1 through a(2) = 9 subsets are:

{1} {2} {3}

{1,3} {1,5}

{1,2,3} {2,4}

{1,3,4}

{1,3,5}

{2,3,4}

{2,3,5}

{1,2,4,5}

{1,2,3,4,5}

Alternatively, a(n-1) is the number of nonempty subsets of {1,...,2n-1} with median n.

(End)

T(n,k) is the number of leaves at level k+1 in all ordered trees with n+1 edges. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 15 2005

Riordan array ((1-2x-sqrt(1-4x))/(2x^2),(1-2x-sqrt(1-4x))/(2x)). Inverse array is A053122. - Paul Barry, Mar 17 2005

T(n,k) is the number of walks of n steps, each in direction N, S, W, or E, starting at the origin, remaining in the upper half-plane and ending at height k (see the R. K. Guy reference, p. 5). Example: T(3,2)=6 because we have ENN, WNN, NEN, NWN, NNE and NNW. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 15 2005

Triangle T(n,k), 0<=k<=n, read by rows given by T(0,0)=1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n, T(n,0) = 2*T(n-1,0) + T(n-1,1), T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + 2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k+1) for k>=1. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 30 2007

Number of (2n+1)-step walks from (0,0) to (2n+1,2k+1) and consisting of steps u=(1,1) and d=(1,-1) in which the path stays in the nonnegative quadrant. Examples: T(2,0)=5 because we have uuudd, uudud, uuddu, uduud, ududu; T(2,1)=4 because we have uuuud, uuudu, uuduu, uduuu; T(2,2)=1 because we have uuuuu. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 16 2007, Apr 18 2007

Triangle read by rows: T(n,k)=number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,k) that do not go below the line y=0 and consist of steps U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and two types of steps H=(1,0); example: T(3,1)=14 because we have UDU, UUD, 4 HHU paths, 4 HUH paths and 4 UHH paths. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 25 2007

This triangle belongs to the family of triangles defined by T(0,0)=1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n, T(n,0) = x*T(n-1,0) + T(n-1,1), T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + y*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k+1) for k>=1. Other triangles arise by choosing different values for (x,y): (0,0) -> A053121; (0,1) -> A089942; (0,2) -> A126093; (0,3) -> A126970; (1,0) -> A061554; (1,1) -> A064189; (1,2) -> A039599; (1,3) -> A110877; (1,4) -> A124576; (2,0) -> A126075; (2,1) -> A038622; (2,2) -> A039598; (2,3) -> A124733; (2,4) -> A124575; (3,0) -> A126953; (3,1) -> A126954; (3,2) -> A111418; (3,3) -> A091965; (3,4) -> A124574; (4,3) -> A126791; (4,4) -> A052179; (4,5) -> A126331; (5,5) -> A125906. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 25 2007

With offset [1,1] this is the (ordinary) convolution triangle a(n,m) with o.g.f. of column m given by (c(x)-1)^m, where c(x) is the o.g.f. for Catalan numbers A000108. See the Riordan comment by Paul Barry.

T(n, k) is also the number of order-preserving full transformations (of an n-chain) with exactly k fixed points. - Abdullahi Umar, Oct 02 2008

T(n,k)/2^(2n+1) = coefficients of the maximally flat lowpass digital differentiator of the order N=2n+3. - Pavel Holoborodko (pavel(AT)holoborodko.com), Dec 19 2008

The signed triangle S(n,k) := (-1)^(n-k)*T(n,k) provides the transformation matrix between f(n,l) := L(2*l)*5^n*F(2*l)^(2*n+1) (F=Fibonacci numbers A000045, L=Lucas numbers A000032) and F(4*l*(k+1)), k = 0, ..., n, for each l>=0: f(n,l) = Sum_{k=0..n} S(n,k)*F(4*l*(k+1)), n>=0, l>=0. Proof: the o.g.f. of the l.h.s., G(l;x) := Sum_{n>=0} f(n,l)*x^n = F(4*l)/(1 - 5*F(2*l)^2*x) is shown to match the o.g.f. of the r.h.s.: after an interchange of the n- and k-summation, the Riordan property of S = (C(x)/x,C(x)) (compare with the above comments by Paul Barry), with C(x) := 1 - c(-x), with the o.g.f. c(x) of A000108 (Catalan numbers), is used, to obtain, after an index shift, first Sum_{k>=0} F(4*l*(k))*GS(k;x), with the o.g.f of column k of triangle S which is GS(k;x) := Sum_{n>=k} S(n,k)*x^n = C(x)^(k+1)/x. The result is GF(l;C(x))/x with the o.g.f. GF(l,x) := Sum_{k>=0} F(4*l*k)*x^k = x*F(4*l)/(1-L(4*l)*x+x^2) (see a comment on A049670, and A028412). If one uses then the identity L(4*n) - 5*F(2*n)^2 = 2 (in Koshy's book [reference under A065563] this is No. 15, p. 88, attributed to Lucas, 1876), the proof that one recovers the o.g.f. of the l.h.s. from above boils down to a trivial identity on the Catalan o.g.f., namely 1/c^2(-x) = 1 + 2*x - (x*c(-x))^2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 27 2012

O.g.f. for row polynomials R(x) := Sum_{k=0..n} a(n,k)*x^k:

((1+x) - C(z))/(x - (1+x)^2*z) with C the o.g.f. of A000108 (Catalan numbers). From Riordan ((C(x)-1)/x,C(x)-1), compare with a Paul Barry comment above. This coincides with the o.g.f. given by Emeric Deutsch in the formula section. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 13 2012

The A-sequence for this Riordan triangle is [1,2,1] and the Z-sequence is [2,1]. See a W. Lang link under A006232 with details and references. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 13 2012

From Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 20 2013: (Start)

T(n, k) = A053121(2*n+1, 2*k+1). T(n, k) appears in the formula for the (2*n+1)-th power of the algebraic number rho(N) := 2*cos(Pi/N) = R(N, 2) in terms of the even-indexed diagonal/side length ratios R(N, 2*(k+1)) = S(2*k+1, rho(N)) in the regular N-gon inscribed in the unit circle (length unit 1). S(n, x) are Chebyshev's S polynomials (see A049310): rho(N)^(2*n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*R(N, 2*(k+1)), n >= 0, identical in N >= 1. For a proof see the Sep 21 2013 comment under A053121. Note that this is the unreduced version if R(N, j) with j > delta(N), the degree of the algebraic number rho(N) (see A055034), appears. For the even powers of rho(n) see A039599. (End)

The tridiagonal Toeplitz production matrix P in the Example section corresponds to the unsigned Cartan matrix for the simple Lie algebra A_n as n tends to infinity (cf. Damianou ref. in A053122). - Tom Copeland, Dec 11 2015 (revised Dec 28 2015)

T(n,k) is the number of pairs of non-intersecting walks of n steps, each in direction N or E, starting at the origin, and such that the end points of the two paths are separated by a horizontal distance of k. See Shapiro 1976. - Peter Bala, Apr 12 2017

Also the convolution triangle of the Catalan numbers A000108. - Peter Luschny, Oct 07 2022

Array 1/Beta(n,m) read by antidiagonals. - Michael Somos, Feb 05 2004

a(n,3) = A027480(n-2); a(n,4) = A033488(n-3). - Ross La Haye, Feb 13 2004

a(n,k) = total size of all of the elements of the family of k-size subsets of an n-element set. For example, a 2-element set, say, {1,2}, has 3 families of k-size subsets: one with 1 0-size element, one with 2 1-size elements and one with 1 2-size element; respectively, {{}}, {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}. - Ross La Haye, Dec 31 2006

Second slice along the 1-2-plane in the cube a(m,n,o) = a(m-1,n,o) + a(m,n-1,o) + a(m,n,o-1) with a(1,0,0)=1 and a(m<>1=0,n>=0,0>=o)=0, for which the first slice is Pascal's triangle (slice read by antidiagonals). - Thomas Wieder, Aug 06 2006

Triangle, read by rows, given by [2,-1/2,1/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [2,-1/2,1/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 07 2007

This sequence * [1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ...] = (1, 3, 7, 15, 31, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 14 2007

n-th row = coefficients of first derivative of corresponding Pascal's triangle row. Example: x^4 + 4x^3 + 6x^2 + 4x + 1 becomes (4, 12, 12, 4). - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 27 2007

From Paul Curtz, Jun 03 2011: (Start)

Consider

1 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5

-1/2 -1/6 -1/12 -1/20 -1/30

1/3 1/12 1/30 1/60 1/105

-1/4 -1/20 -1/60 -1/140 -1/280

1/5 1/30 1/105 1/280 1/630

This is an autosequence (the inverse binomial transform is the sequence signed) of the second kind: the main diagonal is 2 times the first upper diagonal.

Note that 2, 12, 60, ... = A005430(n+1), Apery numbers = 2*A002457(n). (End)

From Louis Conover (for the 9th grade G1c mathematics class at the Chengdu Confucius International School), Mar 02 2015: (Start)

The i-th order differences of n^-1 appear in the (i+1)th row.

1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, ...

1/2, 1/6, 1/12, 1/20, 1/30, 1/42, 1/56, 1/72, ...

1/3, 1/12, 1/30, 1/60, 1/105, 1/168, 1/252, 1/360, ...

1/4, 1/20, 1/60, 1/140, 1/280, 1/504, 1/840, 1/1320, ...

1/5, 1/30, 1/105, 1/280, 1/630, 1/1260, 1/2310, 1/3960, ...

1/6, 1/42, 1/168, 1/504, 1/1260, 1/2772, 1/5544, 1/12012, ...

(End)

T(n,k) is the number of edges of distance k from a fixed vertex in the n-dimensional hypercube. - Simon Burton, Nov 04 2022

T(n,k) is the number of compatible k-sets of cluster variables in Fomin and Zelevinsky's Cluster algebra of finite type B_n. Take a row of this triangle regarded as a polynomial in x and rewrite as a polynomial in y := x+1. The coefficients of the polynomial in y give a row of triangle A008459 (squares of binomial coefficients). For example, x^2+6*x+6 = y^2+4*y+1. - Paul Boddington, Mar 07 2003

T(n,k) is the number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,n) using steps E=(1,0), N=(0,1) and D=(1,1) (i.e., bilateral Schroeder paths), having k N=(0,1) steps. E.g. T(2,0)=1 because we have DD; T(2,1) = 6 because we have NED, NDE, EDN, END, DEN and DNE; T(2,2)=6 because we have NNEE, NENE, NEEN, EENN, ENEN and ENNE. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 20 2004

Another version of [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...] = 1; 1, 0; 1, 2, 0; 1, 6, 6, 0; 1, 12, 30, 20, 0; ..., where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham Apr 15 2005

Terms in row n are the coefficients of the Legendre polynomial P(n,2x+1) with increasing powers of x.

From Peter Bala, Oct 28 2008: (Start)

Row n of this triangle is the f-vector of the simplicial complex dual to an associahedron of type B_n (a cyclohedron) [Fomin & Reading, p.60]. See A008459 for the corresponding h-vectors for associahedra of type B_n and A001263 and A033282 respectively for the h-vectors and f-vectors for associahedra of type A_n.

An alternative description of this triangle in terms of f-vectors is as follows. Let A_n be the root lattice generated as a monoid by {e_i - e_j: 0 <= i,j <= n+1}. Let P(A_n) be the polytope formed by the convex hull of this generating set. Then the rows of this array are the f-vectors of a unimodular triangulation of P(A_n) [Ardila et al.]. A008459 is the corresponding array of h-vectors for these type A_n polytopes. See A127674 (without the signs) for the array of f-vectors for type C_n polytopes and A108556 for the array of f-vectors associated with type D_n polytopes.

The S-transform on the ring of polynomials is the linear transformation of polynomials that is defined on the basis monomials x^k by S(x^k) = binomial(x,k) = x(x-1)...(x-k+1)/k!. Let P_n(x) denote the S-transform of the n-th row polynomial of this array. In the notation of [Hetyei] these are the Stirling polynomials of the type B associahedra. The first few values are P_1(x) = 2*x + 1, P_2(x) = 3*x^2 + 3*x + 1 and P_3(x) = (10*x^3 + 15*x^2 + 11*x + 3)/3. These polynomials have their zeros on the vertical line Re x = -1/2 in the complex plane, that is, the polynomials P_n(-x) satisfy a Riemann hypothesis. See A142995 for further details. The sequence of values P_n(k) for k = 0,1,2,3, ... produces the n-th row of A108625. (End)

This is the row reversed version of triangle A104684. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 12 2016

T(n, k) is also the number of (n-k)-dimensional faces of a convex n-dimensional Lipschitz polytope of real functions f defined on the set X = {1, 2, ..., n+1} which satisfy the condition f(n+1) = 0 (see Gordon and Petrov). - Stefano Spezia, Sep 25 2021

The rows seem to give (up to sign) the coefficients in the expansion of the integer-valued polynomial ((x+1)*(x+2)*(x+3)*...*(x+n) / n!)^2 in the basis made of the binomial(x+i,i). - F. Chapoton, Oct 09 2022

Chapoton's observation above is correct: the precise expansion is ((x+1)*(x+2)*(x+3)*...*(x+n)/ n!)^2 = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^k*T(n,n-k)*binomial(x+2*n-k, 2*n-k), as can be verified using the WZ algorithm. For example, n = 3 gives ((x+1)*(x+2)*(x+3)/3!)^2 = 20*binomial(x+6,6) - 30*binomial(x+5,5) + 12*binomial(x+4,4) - binomial(x+3,3). - Peter Bala, Jun 24 2023

a(n) is the denominator of the integral from 0 to Pi of (sin(x))^(2*n+1). - James R. Buddenhagen, Aug 17 2008

a(n) is the denominator of (2n)!!/(2*n + 1)!! = 2^(2*n)*n!*n!/(2*n + 1)! (see Andersson). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 27 2011

a(n) = (2*n + 1)*A001790(n). A046161(n)/a(n) = 1, 2/3, 8/15, 16/35, 128/315, 256/693, ... is binomial transform of Madhava-Gregory-Leibniz series for Pi/4 (i.e., 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ... ). See A173384 and A173396. - Paul Curtz, Feb 21 2010

a(n) is the denominator of Integral_{x=-oo..oo} sech(x)^(2*n+2) dx. The corresponding numerator is A101926(n). - Mohammed Yaseen, Jul 25 2023

Coefficient of x^(2n-2) in Chebyshev polynomial T(2n) is -a(n).

Let M_n be the n X n matrix m_(i,j) = 1 + 2*abs(i-j); then det(M_n) = (-1)^(n-1)*a(n-1). - Benoit Cloitre, May 28 2002

Number of subsequences 00 in all words of length n+1 on the alphabet {0,1,2,3}. Example: a(2)=8 because we have 000,001,002,003,100,200,300 (the other 57=A125145(3) words of length 3 have no subsequences 00). a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} k*A128235(n+1, k). - Emeric Deutsch, Feb 27 2007

Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A. Then a(n) = the sum of the size of the symmetric difference of x and y for every subset {x,y} of P(A). - Ross La Haye, Dec 30 2007 (See the comment from Bernard Schott below.)

Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A and B be the Cartesian product of P(A) with itself. Then remove (y,x) from B when (x,y) is in B and x != y and call this R35. Then a(n) = the sum of the size of the symmetric difference of x and y for every (x,y) of R35. [proposed edit of comment just above; by Ross La Haye]

The numbers in this sequence are the Wiener indices of the graphs of n-cubes (Boolean hypercubes). For example, the 3-cube is the graph of the standard cube whose Wiener index is 48. - K.V.Iyer, Feb 26 2009

From Gary W. Adamson, Sep 06 2009: (Start)

Starting (1, 8, 48, ...) = 4th binomial transform of [1, 4, 0, 0, 0, ...].

Equals the sum of terms in 2^n X 2^n semi-magic square arrays in which each row and column is composed of a binomial frequency of terms in the set (1, 3, 5, 7, ...).

The first few such arrays = [1] [1,3; 3,1]; /Q.

[1, 3, 5, 3;

3, 1, 3, 5;

5, 3, 1, 3;

3, 5, 3, 1]

(sum of terms = 48, with a binomial frequency of (1, 2, 1) as to (1, 3, 5) in each row and column)

[1, 3, 5, 3, 5, 7, 5, 3;

3, 1, 3, 5, 7, 5, 3, 5;

5, 3, 1, 3, 5, 3, 5, 7;

3, 5, 3, 1, 3, 5, 7, 5;

5, 7, 5, 3, 1, 3, 5, 3;

7, 5, 3, 5, 3, 1, 3, 5;

5, 3, 5, 7, 5, 3, 1, 3;

3, 5, 7, 5, 3, 5, 3, 1]

(sum of terms = 256, with each row and column composed of one 1, three 3's, three 5's, and one 7)

... (End)

Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A and B be the Cartesian product of P(A) with itself. Then a(n) = the sum of the size of the intersection of x and y for every (x,y) of B. - Ross La Haye, Jan 05 2013

Following the last comment of Ross, A002699 is the similar sequence when "intersection" is replaced by "symmetric difference" and A212698 is the similar sequence when "intersection" is replaced by "union". - Bernard Schott, Jan 04 2013

Also, following the first comment of Ross, A082134 is the similar sequence when "symmetric difference" is replaced by "intersection" and A133224 is the similar sequence when "symmetric difference" is replaced by "union". - Bernard Schott, Jan 15 2013

Let [n] denote the set {1,2,3,...,n} and denote an n-permutation of the elements of [n] by p = p(1)p(2)p(3)...p(n), where p(i) is the i-th entry in the linear order given by p. Then (p(i),p(j)) is an inversion of p if i < j but p(i) > p(j). Denote the number of inversions of p by inv(p) and call a 2n-permutation p = p(1)p(2)...p(2n) 2-ordered if p(1) < p(3) < ... < p(2n-1) and p(2) < p(4) < ... < p(2n). Then Sum(inv(p)) = n*4^(n-1), where the sum is taken over all 2-ordered 2n-permutations of p. See Bona reference below. - Ross La Haye, Jan 21 2014

Sum over all peaks of Dyck paths of semilength n of the product of the x and y coordinates. - Alois P. Heinz, May 29 2015

Sum of the number of all edges over all j-dimensional subcubes of the boolean hypercube graph of dimension n, Q_n, for all j, so a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n} binomial(n,j)*2^(n-j) * j*2^(j-1). - Constantinos Kourouzides, Mar 24 2024

For n >= 1 a(n) is also the number of rooted bicolored unicellular maps of genus 1 on n+2 edges. - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Aug 20 2001

a(n) is half the number of (n+2) X 2 Young tableaux with a three horizontal walls between the first and second column. If there is a wall between two cells, the entries may be decreasing; see [Banderier, Wallner 2021], A000984 for one horizontal wall, and A002457 for two. - Michael Wallner, Jan 31 2022

From Robert Coquereaux, Feb 12 2024: (Start)

Call B(p,g) the number of genus g partitions of a set with p elements (genus-dependent Bell number). Up to an appropriate shift the given sequence counts the genus 1 partitions of a set: we have a(n) = B(n+4,1), with a(0)= B(4,1)=1.

When shifted with an offset 4 (i.e., defining b(p)=a(p-4), which starts with 0,0,0,1,10,70, etc., and b(4)=1), the given sequence reads b(p) = (1/( 2^4 3 )) * (1/( (2 p - 1) (2 p - 3))) * (1/(p - 4)!) * (2p)!/p!. In this form it appears as a generalization of Catalan numbers (that indeed count the genus 0 partitions).

Call C[p, [alpha], g] the number of partitions of a set with p elements, of cyclic type [alpha], and of genus g (genus g Faa di Bruno coefficients of type [alpha]). Up to an appropriate shift the given sequence also counts the genus 1 partitions of p=2k into k parts of length 2, which is then called C[2k, [2^k], 1], and we have a(n) = C[2k, [2^k], 1] for k=n+2.

The two previous interpretations of this sequence, leading to a(n) = B(n+4, 1) and to a(n) = C[2(n+2), [2^(n+2)], 1] are not related in any obvious way. (End)

Number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,n) with steps E=(1,0) and N=(0,1) which touch or cross the line x-y=2. Example: For n=3 there are 6 paths EEENNN, EENENN, EENNEN, EENNNE, ENEENN and NEEENN. - Herbert Kociemba, May 23 2004

Number of dissections of a convex (n+3)-gon by noncrossing diagonals into several regions, exactly n-2 of which are triangular. Example: a(3)=6 because the convex hexagon ABCDEF is dissected by any of the diagonals AC, BD, CE, DF, EA, FB into regions containing exactly 1 triangle. - Emeric Deutsch, May 31 2004

Number of UUU's (triple rises), where U=(1,1), in all Dyck paths of semilength n+1. Example: a(3)=6 because we have UD(UUU)DDD, (UUU)DDDUD, (UUU)DUDDD, (UUU)DDUDD and (U[UU)U]DDDD, the triple rises being shown between parentheses. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 03 2004

Inverse binomial transform of A026389. - Ross La Haye, Mar 05 2005

Sum of the jump-lengths of all full binary trees with n internal nodes. In the preorder traversal of a full binary tree, any transition from a node at a deeper level to a node on a strictly higher level is called a jump; the positive difference of the levels is called the jump distance; the sum of the jump distances in a given full binary tree is called the jump-length. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 18 2007

a(n) = number of convex polyominoes (A005436) of perimeter 2n+4 that are directed but not parallelogram polyominoes, because the directed convex polyominoes are counted by the central binomial coefficient binomial(2n,n) and the subset of parallelogram polyominoes is counted by the Catalan number C(n+1) = binomial(2n+2,n+1)/(n+2) and a(n) = binomial(2n,n) - C(n+1). - David Callan, Nov 29 2007

a(n) = number of DUU's in all Dyck paths of semilength n+1. Example: a(3)=6 because we have UU(DUU)DDD, U(DUU)UDDD, U(DUU)DUDD, UDU(DUU)DD, U(DUU)DDUD, UUD(DUU)DD, the DUU's being shown between parentheses and no other Dyck path of semilength 4 contains a DUU. - David Callan, Jul 25 2008

C(2n,n-m) is the number of Dyck-type walks such that their graphs have one marked edge passed 2m times and the other edges are passed 2 times counting "there and back" directions. - Oleksiy Khorunzhiy, Jan 09 2015

Number of paths in the half-plane x >= 0, from (0,0) to (2n,4), and consisting of steps U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). For example, for n=3, we have the 6 paths: UUUUUD, UUUUDU, UUUDUU, UUDUUU, UDUUUU, DUUUUU, DUUUUU. - José Luis Ramírez Ramírez, Apr 19 2015