cp's OEIS Frontend

From Floor van Lamoen, Jul 21 2001: (Start)

Write 1,2,3,4,... in a hexagonal spiral around 0; then a(n) is the sequence found by reading the line from 0 in the direction 0,1,....

The spiral begins:

.

85--84--83--82--81--80

/ \

86 56--55--54--53--52 79

/ / \ \

87 57 33--32--31--30 51 78

/ / / \ \ \

88 58 34 16--15--14 29 50 77

/ / / / \ \ \ \

89 59 35 17 5---4 13 28 49 76

/ / / / / \ \ \ \ \

90 60 36 18 6 0 3 12 27 48 75

/ / / / / / / / / / /

91 61 37 19 7 1---2 11 26 47 74

\ \ \ \ \ . / / / /

92 62 38 20 8---9--10 25 46 73

\ \ \ \ . / / /

93 63 39 21--22--23--24 45 72

\ \ \ . / /

94 64 40--41--42--43--44 71

\ \ . /

95 65--66--67--68--69--70

\ .

96

.

(End)

From Lekraj Beedassy, Oct 02 2003: (Start)

Also the number of distinct three-cell blocks that may be removed out of A000217(n+1) square cells arranged in a stepping triangular array of side (n+1). A 5-layer triangular array of square cells, for instance, has vertices outlined thus:

x x

x x x

x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x x

x x x x x x (End)

First derivative at n of A045991. - Ross La Haye, Oct 23 2004

Starting from n=1, the sequence corresponds to the Wiener index of K_{n,n} (the complete bipartite graph wherein each independent set has n vertices). - Kailasam Viswanathan Iyer, Mar 11 2009

Number of divisors of 24^(n-1) for n > 0 (cf A009968). - J. Lowell, Aug 30 2008

a(n) = A001399(6n-5), number of partitions of 6*n - 5 into parts < 4. For example a(2)=8 and partitions of 6*2 - 5 = 7 into parts < 4 are: [1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,2],[1,1,1,1,3], [1,1,1,2,2], [1,1,2,3], [1,2,2,2], [1,3,3], [2,2,3]. - Adi Dani, Jun 07 2011

Also, sequence found by reading the line from 0 in the direction 0, 8, ..., and the parallel line from 1 in the direction 1, 21, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized octagonal numbers A001082. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 10 2011

Partial sums give A002414. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 12 2013

Generate a Pythagorean triple using Euclid's formula with (n, n-1) to give A,B,C. a(n) = B + (A + C)/2. - J. M. Bergot, Jul 13 2013

The number of active (ON, black) cells in n-th stage of growth of two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 773", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood. - Robert Price, May 23 2016

For n >= 1, the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(27*a(n)) is [9n-4; {1, 2n-2, 3, 2n-2, 1, 18n-8}]. For n=1, this collapses to [5; {5, 10}]. - Magus K. Chu, Oct 10 2022

a(n)*a(n+1) + 1 = (3n^2 + n - 1)^2. In general, a(n)*a(n+k) + k^2 = (3n^2 + (3k-2)n - k)^2. - Charlie Marion, May 23 2023

Consider an irregular stepped pyramid with n steps. The base of the pyramid is equal to the symmetric representation of A024916(n), the sum of all divisors of all positive integers <= n. Two of the faces of the pyramid are the same as the representation of the n-th triangular numbers as a staircase. The total area of the pyramid is equal to 2*A024916(n) + A046092(n). The volume is equal to A175254(n). By definition a(2n-1) is A000203(n), the sum of divisors of n. Starting from the top a(2n-1) is also the total area of the horizontal part of the n-th step of the pyramid. By definition, a(2n) = A005843(n) = 2n. Starting from the top, a(2n) is also the total area of the irregular vertical part of the n-th step of the pyramid.

On the other hand the sequence also has a symmetric representation in two dimensions, see Example.

From Omar E. Pol, Dec 31 2016: (Start)

We can find the pyramid after the following sequences: A196020 --> A236104 --> A235791 --> A237591 --> A237593.

The structure of this infinite pyramid arises after the 90-degree-zig-zag folding of the diagram of the isosceles triangle A237593 (see the links).

The terraces at the m-th level of the pyramid are also the parts of the symmetric representation of sigma(m), m >= 1, hence the sum of the areas of the terraces at the m-th level equals A000203(m).

Note that the stepped pyramid is also one of the 3D-quadrants of the stepped pyramid described in A244050.

For more information about the pyramid see A237593 and all its related sequences. (End)

Number of edges of the complete bipartite graph of order 3n, K_{n,2n}. - Roberto E. Martinez II, Jan 07 2002

"If each period in the periodic system ends in a rare gas ..., the number of elements in a period can be found from the ordinal number n of the period by the formula: L = ((2n+3+(-1)^n)^2)/8..." - Nature, Jun 09 1951; Nature 411 (Jun 07 2001), p. 648. This produces the present sequence doubled up.

Let z(1) = i = sqrt(-1), z(k+1) = 1/(z(k)+2i); then a(n) = (-1)*Imag(z(n+1))/Real(z(n+1)). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 06 2002

Maximum number of electrons in an atomic shell with total quantum number n. Partial sums of A016825. - Jeremy Gardiner, Dec 19 2004

Arithmetic mean of triangular numbers in pairs: (1+3)/2, (6+10)/2, (15+21)/2, ... . - Amarnath Murthy, Aug 05 2005

These numbers form a pattern on the Ulam spiral similar to that of the triangular numbers. - G. Roda, Oct 20 2010

Integral areas of isosceles right triangles with rational legs (legs are 2n and triangles are nondegenerate for n > 0). - Rick L. Shepherd, Sep 29 2009

Even squares divided by 2. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 18 2011

Number of stars when distributed as in the U.S.A. flag: n rows with n+1 stars and, between each pair of these, one row with n stars (i.e., n-1 of these), i.e., n*(n+1)+(n-1)*n = 2*n^2 = A001105(n). - César Eliud Lozada, Sep 17 2012

Apparently the number of Dyck paths with semilength n+3 and an odd number of peaks and the central peak having height n-3. - David Scambler, Apr 29 2013

Sum of the partition parts of 2n into exactly two parts. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 01 2013

Consider primitive Pythagorean triangles (a^2 + b^2 = c^2, gcd(a, b) = 1) with hypotenuse c (A020882) and respective odd leg a (A180620); sequence gives values c-a, sorted with duplicates removed. - K. G. Stier, Nov 04 2013

Number of roots in the root systems of type B_n and C_n (for n > 1). - Tom Edgar, Nov 05 2013

Area of a square with diagonal 2n. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 18 2014

This sequence appears also as the first and second member of the quartet [a(n), a(n), p(n), p(n)] of the square of [n, n, n+1, n+1] in the Clifford algebra Cl_2 for n >= 0. p(n) = A046092(n). See an Oct 15 2014 comment on A147973 where also a reference is given. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 16 2014

a(n) are the only integers m where (A000005(m) + A000203(m)) = (number of divisors of m + sum of divisors of m) is an odd number. - Richard R. Forberg, Jan 09 2015

a(n) represents the first term in a sum of consecutive integers running to a(n+1)-1 that equals (2n+1)^3. - Patrick J. McNab, Dec 24 2016

Also the number of 3-cycles in the (n+4)-triangular honeycomb obtuse knight graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 29 2017

Also the Wiener index of the n-cocktail party graph for n > 1. - Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 07 2017

Numbers represented as the palindrome 242 in number base B including B=2 (binary), 3 (ternary) and 4: 242(2)=18, 242(3)=32, 242(4)=50, ... 242(9)=200, 242(10)=242, ... - Ron Knott, Nov 14 2017

a(n) is the square of the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle whose sides are equal to n. - Thomas M. Green, Aug 20 2019

The sequence contains all odd powers of 2 (A004171) but no even power of 2 (A000302). - Torlach Rush, Oct 10 2019

From Bernard Schott, Aug 31 2021 and Sep 16 2021: (Start)

Apart from 0, integers such that the number of even divisors (A183063) is odd.

Proof: every n = 2^q * (2k+1), q, k >= 0, then 2*n^2 = 2^(2q+1) * (2k+1)^2; now, gcd(2, 2k+1) = 1, tau(2^(2q+1)) = 2q+2 and tau((2k+1)^2) = 2u+1 because (2k+1)^2 is square, so, tau(2*n^2) = (2q+2) * (2u+1).

The 2q+2 divisors of 2^(2q+1) are {1, 2, 2^2, 2^3, ..., 2^(2q+1)}, so 2^(2q+1) has 2q+1 even divisors {2^1, 2^2, 2^3, ..., 2^(2q+1)}.

Conclusion: these 2q+1 even divisors create with the 2u+1 odd divisors of (2k+1)^2 exactly (2q+1)*(2u+1) even divisors of 2*n^2, and (2q+1)*(2u+1) is odd. (End)

a(n) with n>0 are the numbers with period length 2 for Bulgarian and Mancala solitaire. - Paul Weisenhorn, Jan 29 2022

Number of points at L1 distance = 2 from any given point in Z^n. - Shel Kaphan, Feb 25 2023

Integer that multiplies (h^2)/(m*L^2) to give the energy of a 1-D quantum mechanical particle in a box whenever it is an integer multiple of (h^2)/(m*L^2), where h = Planck's constant, m = mass of particle, and L = length of box. - A. Timothy Royappa, Mar 14 2025

Number of paths from (0,0) to (n,n) in an n X n grid using only steps north, northeast and east (i.e., steps (1,0), (1,1), and (0,1)).

Also the number of ways of aligning two sequences (e.g., of nucleotides or amino acids) of length n, with at most 2*n gaps (-) inserted, so that while unnecessary gappings: - -a a- - are forbidden, both b- and -b are allowed. (If only other of the latter is allowed, then the sequence A000984 gives the number of alignments.) There is an easy bijection from grid walks given by Dickau to such set of alignments (e.g., the straight diagonal corresponds to the perfect alignment with no gaps). - Antti Karttunen, Oct 10 2001

Also main diagonal of array A008288 defined by m(i,1) = m(1,j) = 1, m(i,j) = m(i-1,j-1) + m(i-1,j) + m(i,j-1). - Benoit Cloitre, May 03 2002

So, as a special case of Dmitry Zaitsev's Dec 10 2015 comment on A008288, a(n) is the number of points in Z^n that are L1 (Manhattan) distance <= n from any given point. These terms occur in the crystal ball sequences: a(n) here is the n-th term in the sequence for the n-dimensional cubic lattice. See A008288 for a list of crystal ball sequences (rows or columns of A008288). - Shel Kaphan, Dec 26 2022

a(n) is the number of n-matchings of a comb-like graph with 2*n teeth. Example: a(2) = 13 because the graph consisting of a horizontal path ABCD and the teeth Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd has 13 2-matchings: any of the six possible pairs of teeth and {Aa, BC}, {Aa, CD}, {Bb, CD}, {Cc, AB}, {Dd, AB}, {Dd, BC}, {AB, CD}. - Emeric Deutsch, Jul 02 2002

Number of ordered trees with 2*n+1 edges, having root of odd degree, nonroot nodes of outdegree at most 2 and branches of odd length. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 02 2002

The sum of the first n coefficients of ((1 - x) / (1 - 2*x))^n is a(n-1). - Michael Somos, Sep 28 2003

Row sums of A063007 and A105870. - Paul Barry, Apr 23 2005

The Hankel transform (see A001906 for definition) of this sequence is A036442: 1, 4, 32, 512, 16384, ... . - Philippe Deléham, Jul 03 2005

Also number of paths from (0,0) to (n,0) using only steps U = (1,1), H = (1,0) and D =(1,-1), U can have 2 colors and H can have 3 colors. - N-E. Fahssi, Jan 27 2008

Equals row sums of triangle A152250 and INVERT transform of A109980: (1, 2, 8, 36, 172, 852, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 30 2008

Number of overpartitions in the n X n box (treat a walk of the type in the first comment as an overpartition, by interpreting a NE step as N, E with the part thus created being overlined). - William J. Keith, May 19 2017

Diagonal of rational functions 1/(1 - x - y - x*y), 1/(1 - x - y*z - x*y*z). - Gheorghe Coserea, Jul 03 2018

Dimensions of endomorphism algebras End(R^{(n)}) in the Delannoy category attached to the oligomorphic group of order preserving self-bijections of the real line. - Noah Snyder, Mar 22 2023

a(n) is the number of ways to tile a strip of length n with white squares, black squares, and red dominos, where we must have an equal number of white and black squares. - Greg Dresden and Leo Zhang, Jul 11 2025

Also, 3 times triangular numbers, a(n) = 3*A000217(n).

In the 24-bit RGB color cube, the number of color-lattice-points in r+g+b = n planes at n < 256 equals the triangular numbers. For n = 256, ..., 765 the number of legitimate color partitions is less than A000217(n) because {r,g,b} components cannot exceed 255. For n = 256, ..., 511, the number of non-color partitions are computable with A045943(n-255), while for n = 512, ..., 765, the number of color points in r+g+b planes equals A000217(765-n). - Labos Elemer, Jun 20 2005

If a 3-set Y and an (n-3)-set Z are disjoint subsets of an n-set X then a(n-3) is the number of 3-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Sep 19 2007

a(n) is also the smallest number that may be written both as the sum of n-1 consecutive positive integers and n consecutive positive integers. - Claudio Meller, Oct 08 2010

For n >= 3, a(n) equals 4^(2+n)*Pi^(1 - n) times the coefficient of zeta(3) in the following integral with upper bound Pi/4 and lower bound 0: int x^(n+1) tan x dx. - John M. Campbell, Jul 17 2011

The difference a(n)-a(n-1) = 3*n, for n >= 1. - Stephen Balaban, Jul 25 2011 [Comment clarified by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 01 2024]

Sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 3, ..., and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 9, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized pentagonal numbers A001318. This is one of the orthogonal axes of the spiral; the other is A032528. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 08 2011

A005449(a(n)) = A000332(3n + 3) = C(3n + 3, 4), a second pentagonal number of triangular matchstick number index number. Additionally, a(n) - 2n is a pentagonal number (A000326). - Raphie Frank, Dec 31 2012

Sum of the numbers from n to 2n. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Nov 24 2015

Number of orbits of Aut(Z^7) as function of the infinity norm (n+1) of the representative integer lattice point of the orbit, when the cardinality of the orbit is equal to 5376 or 17920 or 20160. - Philippe A.J.G. Chevalier, Dec 28 2015

Also the number of 4-cycles in the (n+4)-triangular honeycomb acute knight graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 27 2017

Number of terms less than 10^k, k=0,1,2,3,...: 1, 3, 8, 26, 82, 258, 816, 2582, 8165, 25820, 81650, 258199, 816497, 2581989, 8164966, ... - Muniru A Asiru, Jan 24 2018

Numbers of the form 3*m*(2*m + 1) for m = 0, -1, 1, -2, 2, -3, 3, ... - Bruno Berselli, Feb 26 2018

Partial sums of A008585. - Omar E. Pol, Jun 20 2018

Column 1 of A273464. (Number of ways to select a unit lozenge inside an isosceles triangle of side length n; all vertices on a hexagonal lattice.) - R. J. Mathar, Jul 10 2019

Total number of pips in the n-th suit of a double-n domino set. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 23 2020

Numbers of the form 3*m^2+2*m, m an integer.

3*a(n) + 1 is a perfect square.

a(n) mod 10 belongs to a periodic sequence: 0, 1, 5, 8, 6, 1, 3, 0, 6, 5, 5, 6, 0, 3, 1, 6, 8, 5, 1, 0. - Mohamed Bouhamida, Sep 04 2009

A089801 is the characteristic function. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 07 2011

Exponents of powers of q in one form of the quintuple product identity. (-x^-2 + 1) * q^0 + (x^-3 - x) * q^1 + (-x^-5 + x^3) * q^5 + (x^-6 - x^4) * q^8 + ... = Sum_{n>=0} q^(3*n^2 + 2*n) * (x^(3*n) - x^(-3*n - 2)) = Product_{k>0} (1 - x * q^(2*k - 1)) * (1 - x^-1 * q^(2*k - 1)) * (1 - q^(2*k)) * (1 - x^2 * q^(4*k)) * (1 - x^-2 * q^(4*k - 4)). - Michael Somos, Dec 21 2011

The offset 0 would also be valid here, all other entries of generalized k-gonal numbers have offset 0 (see cross references). - Omar E. Pol, Jan 12 2013

Also, x values of the Diophantine equation x(x+3)+(x+1)(x+2) = (x+y)^2+(x-y)^2. - Bruno Berselli, Mar 29 2013

Numbers n such that Sum_{i=1..n} 2*i*(n-i)/n is an integer (the addend is the harmonic mean of i and n-i). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 14 2014

Equivalently, integers of the form m*(m+2)/3 (nonnegative values of m are listed in A032766). - Bruno Berselli, Jul 18 2016

Exponents of q in the expansion of Sum_{n >= 0} ( q^n * Product_{k = 1..n} (1 - q^(2*k-1)) ) = 1 + q - q^5 - q^8 + q^16 + q^21 - - + + .... - Peter Bala, Dec 03 2020

Exponents of q in the expansion of Product_{n >= 1} (1 - q^(6*n))*(1 + q^(6*n-1))*(1 + q^(6*n-5)) = 1 + q + q^5 + q^8 + q^16 + q^21 + .... - Peter Bala, Dec 09 2020

Exponents of q in the expansion of Product_{n >= 1} (1 - q^n)^2*(1 - q^(4*n))^2 /(1 - q^(2*n)) = 1 - 2*q + 4*q^5 - 5*q^8 + 7*q^16 - + ... (a consequence of the quintuple product identity). The series coefficients are a signed version of A001651. - Peter Bala, Feb 16 2021

From Peter Bala, Nov 26 2024: (Start)

Apart from the first two terms, the exponents of q in the expansion of Sum_{n >= 1} q^(3*n+2) * (Product_{k = 2..n} 1 - q^(2*k-1)) = q^5 + q^8 - q^16 - q^21 + + - - ... (in Andrews, equation 8, replace q with q^2 and set x = q).

Exponents of q^2 in the expansion of Sum_{n >= 0} q^n / (Product_{k = 1..n+1 } 1 + q^(2*k-1)) = 1 + (q^2)^1 - (q^2)^5 - (q^2)^8 + (q^2)^16 + (q^2)^21 - - + + ... (Chen, equation 22). (End)

Also number of ways to legally insert two pairs of parentheses into a string of m := n-1 letters. (There are initially 2C(m+4,4) (A034827) ways to insert the parentheses, but we must subtract 2(m+1) for illegal clumps of 4 parentheses, 2m(m+1) for clumps of 3 parentheses, C(m+1,2) for 2 clumps of 2 parentheses and (m-1)C(m+1,2) for 1 clump of 2 parentheses, giving m(m+1)^2(m+2)/12 = n^2*(n^2-1)/12.) See also A000217.

E.g., for n=2 there are 6 ways: ((a))b, ((a)b), ((ab)), (a)(b), (a(b)), a((b)).

Let M_n denote the n X n matrix M_n(i,j)=(i+j); then the characteristic polynomial of M_n is x^(n-2) * (x^2-A002378(n)*x - a(n)). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 09 2002

Let M_n denote the n X n matrix M_n(i,j)=(i-j); then the characteristic polynomial of M_n is x^n + a(n)x^(n-2). - Michael Somos, Nov 14 2002 [See A114327 for the infinite matrix M in triangular form. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 05 2018]

Number of permutations of [n] which avoid the pattern 132 and have exactly 2 descents. - Mike Zabrocki, Aug 26 2004

Number of tilings of a <2,n,2> hexagon.

a(n) is the number of squares of side length at least 1 having vertices at the points of an n X n unit grid of points (the vertices of an n-1 X n-1 chessboard). [For a proof, see Comments in A051602. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 29 2021] For example, on the 3 X 3 grid (the vertices of a 2 X 2 chessboard) there are four 1 X 1 squares, one (skew) sqrt(2) X sqrt(2) square, and one 3 X 3 square, so a(3)=6. On the 4 X 4 grid (the vertices of a 3 X 3 chessboard) there are 9 1 X 1 squares, 4 2 X 2 squares, 1 3 X 3 square, 4 sqrt(2) X sqrt(2) squares, and 2 sqrt(5) X sqrt(5) squares, so a(4) = 20. See also A024206, A108279. [Comment revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 11 2015]

Kekulé numbers for certain benzenoids. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 12 2005

Number of distinct components of the Riemann curvature tensor. - Gene Ward Smith, Apr 24 2006

a(n) is the number of 4 X 4 matrices (symmetrical about each diagonal) M = [a,b,c,d;b,e,f,c;c,f,e,b;d,c,b,a] with a+b+c+d=b+e+f+c=n+2; (a,b,c,d,e,f natural numbers). - Philippe Deléham, Apr 11 2007

If a 2-set Y and an (n-2)-set Z are disjoint subsets of an n-set X then a(n-3) is the number of 5-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Sep 19 2007

a(n) is the number of Dyck (n+1)-paths with exactly n-1 peaks. - David Callan, Sep 20 2007

Starting (1,6,20,50,...) = third partial sums of binomial transform of [1,2,0,0,0,...]. a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} C(n+3,i+3)*b(i), where b(i)=[1,2,0,0,0,...]. - Borislav St. Borisov (b.st.borisov(AT)abv.bg), Mar 05 2009

4-dimensional square numbers. - Borislav St. Borisov (b.st.borisov(AT)abv.bg), Mar 05 2009

Equals row sums of triangle A177877; a(n), n > 1 = (n-1) terms in (1,2,3,...) dot (...,3,2,1) with additive carryovers. Example: a(4) = 20 = (1,2,3) dot (3,2,1) with carryovers = (1*3) + (2*2 + 3) + (3*1 + 7) = (3 + 7 + 10).

Convolution of the triangular numbers A000217 with the odd numbers A004273.

a(n+2) is the number of 4-tuples (w,x,y,z) with all terms in {0,...,n} and w-x=max{w,x,y,z}-min{w,x,y,z}. - Clark Kimberling, May 28 2012

The second level of finite differences is a(n+2) - 2*a(n+1) + a(n) = (n+1)^2, the squares. - J. M. Bergot, May 29 2012

Because the differences of this sequence give A000330, this is also the number of squares in an n+1 X n+1 grid whose sides are not parallel to the axes.

a(n+2) gives the number of 2*2 arrays that can be populated with 0..n such that rows and columns are nondecreasing. - Jon Perry, Mar 30 2013

For n consecutive numbers 1,2,3,...,n, the sum of all ways of adding the k-tuples of consecutive numbers for n=a(n+1). As an example, let n=4: (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)=10; (1+2)+(2+3)+(3+4)=15; (1+2+3)+(2+3+4)=15; (1+2+3+4)=10 and the sum of these is 50=a(4+1)=a(5). - J. M. Bergot, Apr 19 2013

If P(n,k) = n*(n+1)*(k*n-k+3)/6 is the n-th (k+2)-gonal pyramidal number, then a(n) = P(n,k)*P(n-1,k-1) - P(n-1,k)*P(n,k-1). - Bruno Berselli, Feb 18 2014

For n > 1, a(n) = 1/6 of the area of the trapezoid created by the points (n,n+1), (n+1,n), (1,n^2+n), (n^2+n,1). - J. M. Bergot, May 14 2014

For n > 3, a(n) is twice the area of a triangle with vertices at points (C(n,4),C(n+1,4)), (C(n+1,4),C(n+2,4)), and (C(n+2,4),C(n+3,4)). - J. M. Bergot, Jun 03 2014

a(n) is the dimension of the space of metric curvature tensors (those having the symmetries of the Riemann curvature tensor of a metric) on an n-dimensional real vector space. - Daniel J. F. Fox, Dec 15 2018

Coefficients in the terminating series identity 1 - 6*n/(n + 5) + 20*n*(n - 1)/((n + 5)*(n + 6)) - 50*n*(n - 1)*(n - 2)/((n + 5)*(n + 6)*(n + 7)) + ... = 0 for n = 1,2,3,.... Cf. A000330 and A005585. - Peter Bala, Feb 18 2019

Image of squares (A000290) under "little Hankel" transform that sends [c_0, c_1, ...] to [d_0, d_1, ...] where d_n = c_n^2 - c_{n+1}*c_{n-1}. - Henry Bottomley, Dec 12 2000

Surround numbers of an n X n square. - Jason Earls, Apr 16 2001

Numbers n such that 2*n + 2 is a perfect square. - Cino Hilliard, Dec 18 2003, Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Apr 09 2016

The sums of the consecutive integer sequences 2n^2 to 2(n+1)^2-1 are cubes, as 2n^2 + ... + 2(n+1)^2-1 = (1/2)(2(n+1)^2 - 1 - 2n^2 + 1)(2(n+1)^2 - 1 + 2n^2) = (2n+1)^3. E.g., 2+3+4+5+6+7 = 27 = 3^3, then 8+9+10+...+17 = 125 = 5^3. - Andras Erszegi (erszegi.andras(AT)chello.hu), Apr 29 2005

X values (other than 0) of solutions to the equation 2*X^3 + 2*X^2 = Y^2. To find Y values: b(n) = 2n*(2*n^2 - 1). - Mohamed Bouhamida, Nov 06 2007

Average of the squares of two consecutive terms is also a square. In fact: (2*n^2 - 1)^2 + (2*(n+1)^2 - 1)^2 = 2*(2*n^2 + 2*n + 1)^2. - Matias Saucedo (solomatias(AT)yahoo.com.ar), Aug 18 2008

Equals row sums of triangle A143593 and binomial transform of [1, 6, 4, 0, 0, 0, ...] with n > 1. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 26 2008

Start a spiral of square tiles. Trivially the first tile fits in a 1 X 1 square. 7 tiles fit in a 3 X 3 square, 17 tiles fit in a 5 X 5 square and so on. - Juhani Heino, Dec 13 2009

Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=-2, A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n >= 1, a(n) = coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^(n-2)). - Milan Janjic, Jan 26 2010

For each n > 0, the recursive series, formula S(b) = 6*S(b-1) - S(b-2) - 2*a(n) with S(0) = 4n^2-4n+1 and S(1) = 2n^2, has the property that every even term is a perfect square and every odd term is twice a perfect square. - Kenneth J Ramsey, Jul 18 2010

Fourth diagonal of A154685 for n > 2. - Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 07 2010

First integer of (2*n)^2 consecutive integers, where the last integer is 3 times the first + 1. As example, n = 2: term = 7; (2*n)^2 = 16; 7, 8, 9, ..., 20, 21, 22: 7*3 + 1 = 22. - Denis Borris, Nov 18 2012

Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind T(2,n). - Vincenzo Librandi, May 30 2014

For n > 0, number of possible positions of a 1 X 2 rectangle in a (n+1) X (n+2) rectangular integer lattice. - Andres Cicuttin, Apr 07 2016

This sequence also represents the best solution for Ripà's n_1 X n_2 X n_3 dots problem, for any 0 < n_1 = n_2 < n_3 = floor((3/2)*(n_1 - 1)) + 1. - Marco Ripà, Jul 23 2018

Write 0, 1, 2, ... in a clockwise spiral; sequence gives numbers on one of 4 diagonals.

Also, least m > n such that T(m)*T(n) is a square and more precisely that of A055112(n). {T(n) = A000217(n)}. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 14 2004

Also sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 8, ... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 24, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized decagonal numbers A074377. Axis perpendicular to A195146 in the same spiral. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 18 2011

Number of diagonals with length sqrt(5) in an (n+1) X (n+1) square grid. Every 1 X 2 rectangle has two such diagonals. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 25 2015

Imagine a board made of squares (like a chessboard), one of whose squares is completely surrounded by square-shaped layers made of adjacent squares. a(n) is the total number of squares in the first to n-th layer. a(1) = 8 because there are 8 neighbors to the unit square; adding them gives a 3 X 3 square. a(2) = 24 = 8 + 16 because we need 16 more squares in the next layer to get a 5 X 5 square: a(n) = (2*n+1)^2 - 1 counting the (2n+1) X (2n+1) square minus the central square. - R. J. Cano, Sep 26 2015

The three platonic solids (the simplex, hypercube, and cross-polytope) with unit side length in n dimensions all have rational volume if and only if n appears in this sequence, after 0. - Brian T Kuhns, Feb 26 2016

The number of active (ON, black) cells in the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 645", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood. - Robert Price, May 19 2016

The square root of a(n), n>0, has continued fraction [2n; {1,4n}] with whole number part 2n and periodic part {1,4n}. - Ron Knott, May 11 2017

Numbers k such that k+1 is a square and k is a multiple of 4. - Bruno Berselli, Sep 28 2017

a(n) is the number of vertices of the octagonal network O(n,n); O(m,n) is defined by Fig. 1 of the Siddiqui et al. reference. - Emeric Deutsch, May 13 2018

a(n) is the number of vertices in conjoined n X n octagons which are arranged into a square array, a.k.a. truncated square tiling. - Donghwi Park, Dec 20 2020

a(n-2) is the number of ways to place 3 adjacent marks in a diagonal, horizontal, or vertical row on an n X n tic-tac-toe grid. - Matej Veselovac, May 28 2021

a(n) is also the volume of a special stepped pyramid with n levels related to the symmetric representation of sigma. Note that starting at the top of the pyramid, the total area of the horizontal regions at the n-th level is equal to A239050(n), and the total area of the vertical regions at the n-th level is equal to 8*n.

From Omar E. Pol, Sep 19 2015: (Start)

Also, consider that the area of the central square in the top of the pyramid is equal to 1, so the total area of the horizontal regions at the n-th level starting from the top is equal to sigma(n) = A000203(n), and the total area of the vertical regions at the n-th level is equal to 2*n.

Also note that this stepped pyramid can be constructed with four copies of the stepped pyramid described in A245092 back-to-back (one copy in every quadrant). (End)

From Omar E. Pol, Jan 20 2021: (Start)

Convolution of A000203 and the nonzero terms of A008586.

Convolution of A074400 and the nonzero terms of A005843.

Convolution of A340793 and the nonzero terms of A046092.

Convolution of A239050 and A000027.

(End)